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MIT discovers the location of memories: Individual neurons

MIT discovers the location of memories: Individual neurons
Update 12/2/15: We've now followed up on this story: The more we learn about memory, the weirder it gets. The original continues below. MIT researchers have shown, for the first time ever, that memories are stored in specific brain cells. By triggering a small cluster of neurons, the researchers were able to force the subject to recall a specific memory. By removing these neurons, the subject would lose that memory. As you can imagine, the trick here is activating individual neurons, which are incredibly small and not really the kind of thing you can attach electrodes to. Now, just to temper your excitement, we should note that MIT's subjects in this case are mice -- but it's very, very likely that the human brain functions in the same way. In the experiment, MIT gave mice an electric shock to create a fear memory in the hippocampus region of the brain (pictured above) -- and then later, using laser light, activated the neurons where the memory was stored. Related:  Nervous SystemBrain News & Random Topics

Zahi Hawass, Egypt's Antiquities Chief, Fired CAIRO -- Egypt's antiquities minister, whose trademark Indiana Jones hat made him one the country's best known figures around the world, was fired Sunday after months of pressure from critics who attacked his credibility and accused him of having been too close to the regime of ousted President Hosni Mubarak. Zahi Hawass, long chided as publicity loving and short on scientific knowledge, lost his job along with about a dozen other ministers in a Cabinet reshuffle meant to ease pressure from protesters seeking to purge remnants of Mubarak's regime. "He was the Mubarak of antiquities," said Nora Shalaby, an activist and archaeologist. "He acted as if he owned Egypt's antiquities, and not that they belonged to the people of Egypt." Despite the criticism, he was credited with helping boost interest in archaeology in Egypt and tourism, a pillar of the country's economy. But after Mubarak's ouster on Feb. 11 in a popular uprising, pressure began to build for him to step down.

The more we learn about memory, the weirder it gets For much of the history of brain science, the word “engram” has been a bit of a catch-all term, referring to the hypothetical physical incarnation of memory. If this turned out to be a storm of electrical activity, then that’s what the engram would be; if it turned out that networks of physical neurons were the home of specific memories, then an engram was that, instead. Lately, though, the word has gotten a lot more specific. We now have the term “memory neurons” to refer to the nerve cells of the hippocampus, which seem to play a crucial role in storing and retrieving memories. Since the original proof that at least some memory is localized to specific physical neurons just a few short years ago, understanding of the physical basis of memory has advanced at a lightning pace. Even in the past year, scientists have made incredible strides. Here is a rat set up so that certain neurons will fire in response to a UV light. Brain implants are still a bit unwieldy…

In Sea Rescues, The Eagle Eyes Are Pigeons The Coast Guard intends to spend $146,000 over the next two years to train a "rescue squab" of pigeons to find people lost at sea. A Navy report just released says that in experiments, pigeons strapped on a helicopter outdid Coast Guard air crews every time in spotting objects tossing on the ocean's surface. But, in the first flight casualty of its kind, the first three pigeon graduates drowned at sea when the helicopter they were riding in ran out of fuel and crash-landed off Hawaii. The humans got out unscathed. The Coast Guard is paying the Navy to train 10 more pigeons for rescue duty as part of Project Sea Hunt. These pigeons will be better protected on their air rescue missions, Douglas Conley, Coast Guard project officer, said an interview yesterday. Instead of riding in a plastic bubble underneath the helicopter, as was the case in the fateful Febuary crash, the pigeons will ride in a capsule on the side of the helicopter, Conley said. "Those pigeons really did well," Conley said.

Scientists Claim That Quantum Theory Proves Consciousness Moves To Another Universe At Death Learning Mind| A book titled “Biocentrism: How Life and Consciousness Are the Keys to Understanding the Nature of the Universe“ has stirred up the Internet, because it contained a notion that life does not end when the body dies, and it can last forever. The author of this publication, scientist Dr. Robert Lanza who was voted the 3rd most important scientist alive by the NY Times, has no doubts that this is possible. Beyond time and space Lanza is an expert in regenerative medicine and scientific director of Advanced Cell Technology Company. But not so long ago, the scientist became involved with physics, quantum mechanics and astrophysics. Lanza points to the structure of the universe itself, and that the laws, forces, and constants of the universe appear to be fine-tuned for life, implying intelligence existed prior to matter. The theory implies that death of consciousness simply does not exist. Lanza also believes that multiple universes can exist simultaneously. Multiple worlds

Updated Brain Map Identifies Nearly 100 New Regions The first hints of the brain’s hidden geography emerged more than 150 years ago. In the 1860s, the physician Pierre Paul Broca was intrigued by two of his patients who were unable to speak. After they died, Broca examined their brains. On the outer layer, called the cortex, he found that both had suffered damage to the same patch of tissue. That region came to be known as Broca’s area. Photo In the late 1800s, a group of German researchers identified other regions of the cortex, each having distinct types of cells packed together in unique ways. Neuroscientists have relied on his hand-drawn map ever since, adding a modest number of new regions with their own research. Three years ago, Dr. The project team recorded high-resolution images of each participant’s brain, and then recorded its activity during hours of tests on memory, language and other kinds of thought. In addition to looking at the activity of the brain, the scientists also looked at its anatomy. Dr. Dr.

A single high dose of psilocybin alters brain function up to one month later New research provides evidence that the active ingredient in so-called magic mushrooms can affect brain processes related to emotional functioning long after the substance has left one’s body. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, shed new light on the long-term effects of psilocybin. Rather than examining the brain while it’s under the influence of psilocybin, the researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine were interested in the enduring impact of the substance. “Nearly all psychedelic imaging studies have been conducted during acute effects of psychedelic drugs. In the study, 12 volunteers received a single administration of a high dose of psilocybin. The researchers found that self-reported emotional distress was reduced one week after psilocybin administration, but returned to baseline levels at one month after psilocybin administration. Because of the small sample size and lack of a control group, however, the findings should be considered preliminary.

“At Least 4 Known Alien Species Have Been Visiting Earth For Thousands Of Years” Ex Canadian Defense Minister Continues To Blow The Whistle I am well aware that just because somebody (no matter what their ‘position’) says something to be true, does not mean it’s true. Exceptions, however can be made if there is evidence that goes beyond their words and correlates with what they say. At the end of the day, you have to listen to what your heart tells you. Paul Hellyer was the Canadian Minister of National Defense in the 1960′s during the cold war. He has been speaking about UFOs and extraterrestrials for quite some time now, and he recently made an appearance on RT news stating that there are at least 4 known alien species that have been visiting Earth for thousands of years. Upon retirement, Hellyer began to blow the whistle on UFOs and extraterrestrials. Here is some of what Paul Hellyer has to say, for more you can watch the video clip below: “In one of the cases during the cold war, 1961, there were about 50 UFOs in formation flying South from Russia across Europe. “Many are benign and benevolent, and a few are not.

Mike the Headless Chicken Beheading[edit] On September 10, 1945, farmer Lloyd Olsen of Fruita, Colorado, United States, was planning to eat supper with his mother-in-law and was sent out to the yard by his wife to bring back a chicken. Olsen chose a five-and-a-half-month-old cockerel named Mike. Due to Olsen's failed attempt to behead Mike, Mike was still able to balance on a perch and walk clumsily. When Mike did not die, Olsen instead decided to care for the bird. Fame[edit] Mike was put on display to the public for an admission cost of twenty-five cents. Death[edit] In March 1947, at a motel in Phoenix on a stopover while traveling back from tour, Mike started choking in the middle of the night. Post mortem[edit] It was determined that the axe had missed the jugular vein[6] and a clot had prevented Mike from bleeding to death. Legacy[edit] Mike the Headless Chicken is now an institution in Fruita, Colorado, with an annual "Mike the Headless Chicken Day", the third weekend of May, starting in 1999.

researchers devise treatment that relieved depression in 90% of participants in small study “There was a constant chattering in my brain: It was my own voice talking about depression, agony, hopelessness,” she said. “I told my husband, ‘I’m going down and I’m heading toward suicide.’ There seemed to be no other option.” Lehman’s psychiatrist had heard of the SAINT study and referred her to Stanford. “By the third round, the chatter started to ease,” she said. “That was the most peace there’s been in my brain since I was 16 and started down the path to bipolar disorder.” In transcranial magnetic stimulation, electric currents from a magnetic coil placed on the scalp excite a region of the brain implicated in depression. Stanford researchers hypothesized that some modifications to transcranial magnetic stimulation could improve its effectiveness. Other studies suggested that accelerating the treatment would help relieve patients’ depression more rapidly. Strengthening a weak connection One month after the therapy, 60% of participants were still in remission from depression.

Quantum Physics, Consciousness, and How Manifestation Happens – with Amit Goswami By: Tim Chrisco, Guest Contributor, Waking Times In the following series of videos Professor Amit Goswami describes the process of, for lack of a better word, enlightenment. In his description he gives us a clear understanding of how our consciousness interacts with the world, and how enlightenment occurs. It turns out, according to Professor Goswami, that achieving an ‘enlightened state’ is not really all that difficult. In fact many people have already achieved some degree of enlightenment as they open up the creative side of themselves. Toward the end of Professors Goswami’s talk he describes how our memory creates the world in which live. It seems that the key to manifesting the future that we want lies in our memories. Watch this video. About the Author Tim Chrisco is a health and wellness professional, Qi Gong instructor at Jingui Golden Shield Qi Gong in Austin, Texas, and the editor of ChooseNaturally.com. Image Credits: Emmapenman

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