Commonsense Reasoning and Commonsense Knowledge in Artificial Intelligence | September 2015 Review articles By Ernest Davis, Gary Marcus Communications of the ACM, Vol. 58 No. 9, Pages 92-103 10.1145/2701413 Comments Who is taller, Prince William or his baby son Prince George? Can you make a salad out of a polyester shirt? Back to Top Key Insights To take another example, consider what happens when we watch a movie, putting together information about the motivations of fictional characters we have met only moments before. In this article, we argue that commonsense reasoning is important in many AI tasks, from text understanding to computer vision, planning and reasoning, and discuss four specific problems where substantial progress has been made. Commonsense in Intelligent Tasks The importance of real-world knowledge for natural language processing, and in particular for disambiguation of all kinds, was discussed as early as 1960, by Bar-Hillel,3 in the context of machine translation. Computer vision. The viewer infers the existence of objects that are not in the image at all.
The Cognitive Behavioral Miracle – Controlling your Emotions Most people who have never experienced a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) session, or at least read about it, tend to share the notion that what psychologists do is pretty much listen to your problems, sometimes offer advice and different points of view, and make you think about your feelings, actions, and emotions. In this popular view of therapy, the patient (or client) is a rather passive subject, and the therapist is the one doing the work. Personally, I don’t think there has been a more profound revolution in the study of human psychology as the cognitive behavioral revolution. I first became fascinated with CBT while translating and editing some course materials for the director of the CBT Institute in Ireland, Sylvia Buet. In a nutshell The principles of CBT are based on a very simple idea: we feel according to what we think, in other words, our thoughts and cognitive constructions are at the root of our emotions and behavior patterns. Problem classification Proven results
NeuroWeb UCSD Neuroradiology Teaching File Database "The JHess Collection" The appearance and size of the images will vary depending on the computer, display resolution, and web browser you are using. TF-Set1 TF-Set10 TF-Set19 TF-Set28 TF-Set2 TF-Set11 TF-Set20 TF-Set29 TF-Set3 TF-Set12 TF-Set21 TF-Set30 TF-Set4 TF-Set13 TF-Set22 TF-Set5 TF-Set14 TF-Set23 TF-Set6 TF-Set15 TF-Set24 TF-Set7 TF-Set16 TF-Set25 TF-Set8 TF-Set17 TF-Set26 TF-Set9 TF-Set18 TF-Set27 "The Visiting Professor Series" A collection of unusual, difficult, and sometimes impossible cases to help make the professor's visit a memorable one! "Normal Anatomy Series" "Text Syllabus" Brain Orbit and ENT Spine {Search Database} This website contains post-graduate educational materials for physicians, fellows, and residents in training. For physician referral to UCSD Medical Center, call 619-543-8273. "Links" Prepared by John R. Pathology provided by Nancy Karpinski, M.D. Computer Consultant: Eman Ghobrial <eghobrial@ucsd.edu>
The AI Revolution: Road to Superintelligence PDF: We made a fancy PDF of this post for printing and offline viewing. Buy it here. (Or see a preview.) Note: The reason this post took three weeks to finish is that as I dug into research on Artificial Intelligence, I could not believe what I was reading. It hit me pretty quickly that what’s happening in the world of AI is not just an important topic, but by far THE most important topic for our future. We are on the edge of change comparable to the rise of human life on Earth. — Vernor Vinge What does it feel like to stand here? It seems like a pretty intense place to be standing—but then you have to remember something about what it’s like to stand on a time graph: you can’t see what’s to your right. Which probably feels pretty normal… The Far Future—Coming Soon Imagine taking a time machine back to 1750—a time when the world was in a permanent power outage, long-distance communication meant either yelling loudly or firing a cannon in the air, and all transportation ran on hay. 1. Speed.
Les faux souvenirs implantés chez l’enfant sont-ils des souvenirs ? 20 février 2012 par Frank Arnould Chez l’enfant, les faux souvenirs implantés correspondraient bien à des distorsions de la mémoire. Ils ne seraient pas la conséquence de leur sensibilité aux influences sociales. Les psychologues Elizabeth Loftus et Jaqueline Pickrell ont été les premières à réussir expérimentalement l’implantation d’un faux souvenir autobiographique complet chez des adultes. L’une des questions que soulève ce type d’étude est de savoir si les faux souvenirs implantés correspondent bien à des distorsions de la mémoire ou si les participants ne font que se soumettre à l’interviewer, sans croire une seconde à la réalité des détails qu’ils lui racontent. Pour départager ces deux points de vue, l’équipe néerlandaise dirigée par Henry Otgaar a mené une expérience auprès d’enfants âgés de 8 à 10 ans (Otgaar, Verschuere, Meijer, & van Oorsouw, 2012). Cette situation expérimentale a été adaptée pour être employée dans le paradigme d’implantation de faux souvenirs. Références :
The Human Memory - what it is, how it works and how it can go wrong Guy Hoffman Neuroscientists explore how longstanding conflict influences empathy for others (2/4 MIT postdoc Emile Bruneau has long been drawn to conflict - not as a participant, but an observer. In 1994, while doing volunteer work in South Africa, he witnessed firsthand the turmoil surrounding the fall of apartheid; during a 2001 trip to visit friends in Sri Lanka, he found himself in the midst of the violent conflict between the Tamil Tigers and the Sri Lankan military. Those chance experiences got Bruneau, who taught high school science for several years, interested in the psychology of human conflict. "What are the psychological barriers that are put up between us in these contexts of intergroup conflict, and then, critically, what can we do to get past them?" Bruneau and Saxe are also trying to locate patterns of brain activity that correlate with empathy, in hopes of eventually using such measures to determine how well people respond to reconciliation programs aimed at boosting empathy between groups in conflict. Post Comments:
Neuroscience The Open Source Handbook of Neuroscience Neuroscience is a field that is devoted to the scientific study of the nervous system. Such studies may include the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates Warn About Artificial Intelligence Hillary Clinton at the Iowa State Fair on August 15, 2015 in Des Moines, Iowa. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) The meme that now seems to be dominating much of the media coverage of the Democratic Primary is that pundits and experts are underestimating Bernie Sanders’s chances of winning the Democratic nomination for president. Currently, Mr. Sanders is receiving so much press for being underrated that he has become overrated. Mr. Recency bias is essentially the tendency to predict upcoming events based too heavily on recent history, rather than a broader sample. Selection bias is a more general tendency to pick cases to support an argument rather than looking at the broader universe of cases or to make a random sample. Is Al Gore Hillary circa 2000? Competitive primaries make great drama and exciting story lines. This time lapse is only of the reasons primaries, despite the media they receive still remain, misunderstood. While Ms.
The Top 10 Psychology Studies of 2010 The end of 2010 fast approaches, and I'm thrilled to have been asked by the editors of Psychology Today to write about the Top 10 psychology studies of the year. I've focused on studies that I personally feel stand out, not only as examples of great science, but even more importantly, as examples of how the science of psychology can improve our lives. Each study has a clear "take home" message, offering the reader an insight or a simple strategy they can use to reach their goals , strengthen their relationships, make better decisions, or become happier. If you extract the wisdom from these ten studies and apply them in your own life, 2011 just might be a very good year. 1) How to Break Bad Habits If you are trying to stop smoking , swearing, or chewing your nails, you have probably tried the strategy of distracting yourself - taking your mind off whatever it is you are trying not to do - to break the habit. J. 2) How to Make Everything Seem Easier J. 3) How To Manage Your Time Better M. J.