Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra[b] (Spanish: [miˈɣel de θerˈβantes saaˈβeðɾa]; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616)[1] was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered to be the first modern European novel,[2] is a classic of Western literature, and is regarded amongst the best works of fiction ever written.[3] His influence on the Spanish language has been so great that the language is often called la lengua de Cervantes ("the language of Cervantes").[4] He was dubbed El Príncipe de los Ingenios ("The Prince of Wits").[5] In 1569, Cervantes moved to Rome where he worked as chamber assistant of a wealthy priest. Cervantes then enlisted as a soldier in a Spanish Navy infantry regiment and continued his military life until 1575, when he was captured by Algerian corsairs. After 5 years of slavery he was released on ransom from his captors by his parents and the Trinitarians, a Catholic religious order. Birth and early life[edit] Death[edit]
Fallibilism Fallibilism (from medieval Latin fallibilis, "liable to err") is the philosophical principle that human beings could be wrong about their beliefs, expectations, or their understanding of the world, and yet still be justified in holding their incorrect beliefs. In the most commonly used sense of the term, this consists in being open to new evidence that would disprove some previously held position or belief, and in the recognition that "any claim justified today may need to be revised or withdrawn in light of new evidence, new arguments, and new experiences."[1] This position is taken for granted in the natural sciences.[2] In another sense, it refers to the consciousness of "the degree to which our interpretations, valuations, our practices, and traditions are temporally indexed" and subject to (possibly arbitrary) historical flux and change. Some fallibilists argue that absolute certainty about knowledge is impossible. Moral fallibilism[edit] Criticism[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
Jean-Paul Sartre His work has also influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to influence these disciplines. Sartre has also been noted for his open relationship with the prominent feminist theorist Simone de Beauvoir. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but refused it, saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution".[2] Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris as the only child of Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an officer of the French Navy, and Anne-Marie Schweitzer.[3] His mother was of Alsatian origin and the first cousin of Nobel Prize laureate Albert Schweitzer. In 1929 at the École Normale, he met Simone de Beauvoir, who studied at the Sorbonne and later went on to become a noted philosopher, writer, and feminist. World War II[edit] French journalists visit General George C. Cold War politics and anticolonialism[edit]
Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature. In 1921, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea (1952), Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for much of his remaining life. Life Early life World War I Toronto and Chicago
Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (Greek: Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων) is a biography of the Greek philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius, written in Greek, perhaps in the first half of the third century AD. Overview[edit] The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, was written in Greek and professes to give an account of the lives and sayings of the Greek philosophers. Organization of the work[edit] His chief authorities were Favorinus and Diocles of Magnesia, but his work also draws (either directly or indirectly) on books by Antisthenes of Rhodes, Alexander Polyhistor, and Demetrius of Magnesia, as well as works by Hippobotus, Aristippus, Panaetius, Apollodorus of Athens, Sosicrates, Satyrus, Sotion, Neanthes, Hermippus, Antigonus, Heraclides, Hieronymus, and Pamphila[6][7] Manuscript editions[edit] There seem to have been some early Latin translations, which have no longer survived. Printed editions[edit] Title page of an edition in Greek and Latin, 1594
The Problems of Philosophers Kant: The categorical imperative says that actions must be logically consistent if they were to be universalized, in order for them to be moral. Zeno: Zeno's Paradox says that motion is impossible, because in order to get to something, we would have to traverse an infinite amount of space, since we can keep dividing that space into infinite halves. Hume: Hume's is/ought gap says that we cannot derive an 'ought' from an 'is'. That is, a moral command from a fact in the world. Russell: Bertrand Russell's main project was the derive mathematics, and perhaps even language and meaning, entirely from logic. Descarte: In Meditations Descarte claimed we couldn't believe any of our observations, because it was possible an evil daemon was decieving us with false perceptions. Singer: Peter Singer is a utilitarian who emphasizes that we should act rationally when making moral choices by increasing global happiness without prioritizing ourselves, people near us, or even humans over animals.
Luis Fernando Verissimo Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Luis Fernando Verissimo (Porto Alegre, 26 de setembro de 1936) é um escritor brasileiro. Mais conhecido por suas crônicas e textos de humor, mais precisamente de sátiras de costumes, publicados diariamente em vários jornais brasileiros, Verissimo é também cartunista e tradutor, além de roteirista de televisão, autor de teatro e romancista bissexto. Biografia[editar | editar código-fonte] Formação[editar | editar código-fonte] Nascido em Porto Alegre, Luis Fernando viveu parte de sua infância e adolescência nos Estados Unidos, com a família, em função de compromissos profissionais assumidos por seu pai - professor na Universidade de Berkeley (1943-1945) e diretor cultural da União Pan-americana em Washington (1953-1956). Aos 14 anos produziu, com a irmã Clarissa e um primo, um jornal periódico com notícias da família, que era pendurado no banheiro de casa e se chamava "O Patentino" (patente é como é conhecida a privada no Rio Grande do Sul).
Epicuro Busto de Epícuro. Museo de Pérgamo. Epicuro (griego: Επίκουρος; Samos, aproximadamente 341 a. C. - Atenas, 270 a. Aunque la mayor parte de su obra se ha perdido, conocemos bien sus enseñanzas a través de la obra De rerum natura del poeta latino Lucrecio (un homenaje a Epicuro y una exposición amplia de sus ideas), así como a través de algunas cartas y fragmentos rescatados. Biografía[editar] Obras[editar] A su muerte, dejó más de 300 manuscritos, incluyendo 37 tratados sobre física y numerosas obras sobre el amor, la justicia, los dioses y otros temas, según refiere Diógenes Laercio en el siglo III. De todo ello, sólo se han conservado tres cartas y cuarenta máximas (las llamadas Máximas capitales), transcritas por Diógenes Laercio, y algunos fragmentos breves citados por otros autores. Las cartas son las siguientes: Las máximas son de contenido fundamentalmente ético y gnoseológico.[3] Filosofía[editar] Canónica[editar] Física[editar] Ética[editar] Los cuatro miedos[editar] Véase también[editar]
Allegory of the Cave Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc., without (so far as they acknowledge) any awareness of his realm of Forms. The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this. In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. From Great Dialogues of Plato (Warmington and Rouse, eds.) Here are some students’ illustrations of Plato’s Cave Go back to lecture on the Phaedo Go back to lecture on the “One Over Many” Argument Go to next lecture on Criticism of Forms Need a quick review of the Theory of Forms? Return to the PHIL 320 Home Page Copyright © 2006, S.