The Mycodome 3 in 1 Mushroom Growing System This three-in-one system is perfect for beginners or advanced mycologists because it allows you to incubate, birth, fruit, and dry your mushrooms in one compact, easy to use device. The Mycodome can be used to grow all types of mushrooms. NEW LOWER PRICE - CLICK HERE to order the best Mushroom kit available The Mycodome was recently reviewed by HEADS magazine, you can read there comments by clicking here and an image will open in a new window. The Mycodome is now available by itself, OR you can choose from these upgrade options to get a faster start on the growing process. Mycodome Video on YouTube Incubation is used to maintain your thriving mycelium at optimal environmental conditions for growth and development. Fruiting mushrooms is the fun part. The final step in preparing your edible mushrooms for a recipe or storage is to dry them.
Psilocin Psilocin (also known as 4-OH-DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[2] The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective and resemble those of LSD and DMT. Chemistry[edit] Psilocin and its phosphorylated cousin, psilocybin, were first isolated and named in 1958 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. Hofmann obtained the chemicals from laboratory-grown specimens of the entheogenic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana. Psilocin is relatively unstable in solution due to its phenolic hydroxy (-OH) group. Structural analogs[edit] Pharmacology[edit] Psilocin is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or some species of psychedelic mushrooms. Psilocin's half-life ranges from 1 to 3 hours.[1]
Lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed- and open-eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture. It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose.[3] However, acute adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible.[4] LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. Effects Physical LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness. Psychological Sensory Potential uses
Shroomery - Magic Mushrooms (Shrooms) Demystified 2C-B History[edit] 2C-B was synthesized from 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde by Alexander Shulgin in 1974. It first saw use among the psychiatric community as an aid during therapy. It was considered one of the best drugs for this purpose because of its short duration, relative absence of side effects, and comparably mild nature.[2] Shortly after becoming popular in the medical community, it became popular recreationally. 2C-B was first sold commercially as an aphrodisiac[3] under the trade name "Eros", which was manufactured by the German pharmaceutical company Drittewelle.[4] For several years, it was available as tablets in Dutch smart shops under the name "Nexus". Internationally, 2C-B is a Schedule II drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[5] In the Netherlands, 2C-B became a list I substance of the Opium Law despite no health incidents occurring. Patterns of use[edit] Toxicity and dosage[edit] The lethal dosage is unknown. Effects[edit] The effects of 2C-B include:[2][16][17]
Melatonin Melatonin The hormone can be used as a sleep aid and in the treatment of sleep disorders. It can be taken orally as capsules, tablets, or liquid. It is also available in a form to be used sublingually, and there are transdermal patches. There have been few clinical trials, particularly long-term ones, in the use of melatonin in humans. Discovery[edit] Biosynthesis[edit] Melatonin biosynthesis involves four enzymatic steps from the essential dietary amino acid tryptophan, which follows a serotonin pathway. In bacteria, protists, fungi, and plants melatonin is synthesized indirectly with tryptophan as an intermediate product of the shikimic acid pathway. Regulation[edit] In vertebrates, melatonin secretion is regulated by norepinephrine. It is principally blue light, around 460 to 480 nm, that suppresses melatonin,[24] proportional to the light intensity and length of exposure. Animals[edit] Plants[edit] Functions[edit] Circadian rhythm[edit] Antioxidant[edit] Immune system[edit] Medical uses[edit]
Psilocybe cubensis Psilocybe cubensis is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose principal active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. Commonly called boomers, magic mushrooms, golden tops, cubes, shrooms or gold caps, it belongs to the Hymenogastraceae family of fungi and was previously known as Stropharia cubensis. It is the most well known psilocybin mushroom due to its wide distribution and ease of cultivation. Taxonomy and naming[edit] The name Psilocybe is derived from the Greek roots psilos (ψιλος) and kubê (κυβη),[6] and translates as "bald head". Description[edit] Psilocybe cubensis Psilocybe cubensis spores, 1000x Entheogenic use[edit] Psilocybe cubensis is probably the most widely known of the psilocybin containing mushrooms used. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine)Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine)Baeocystin (4-phosphoryloxy-N-methyltryptamine)Norbaeocystin (4-phosphoryloxytryptamine) Legality[edit] Cultivation[edit] See also[edit] Notes[edit] Jump up ^ Earle FS. Guzman, G.
Indole alkaloid History[edit] The action of some indole alkaloids has been known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin. The flowering plant Rauwolfia serpentina which contains reserpine was a common medicine in India around 1000 BC. Africans used the roots of the perennial rainforest shrub Iboga, which contain ibogaine, as a stimulant. An infusion of Calabar bean seeds was given to people accused of crime in Nigeria: its rejection by stomach was regarded as a sign of innocence, otherwise, the person was killed via the action of physostigmine, which is present in the plant and which causes paralysis of the heart and lungs.[3] Consumption of rye and related cereals contaminated with the fungus Claviceps purpurea causes ergot poisoning and ergotism in humans and other mammals. The first indole alkaloid, strychnine, was isolated by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou in 1818 from the plants of the Strychnos genus. Classification[edit]
Tetrahydrocannabinol Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or more precisely its main isomer (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( (6aR,10aR)-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant. First isolated in 1964, in its pure form, by Israeli scientists Raphael Mechoulam and Yechiel Gaoni at the Weizmann Institute of Science,[8][9][10] it is a glassy solid when cold, and becomes viscous and sticky if warmed. A pharmaceutical formulation of (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, known by its INN dronabinol, is available by prescription in the U.S. and Canada under the brand name Marinol. Like most pharmacologically-active secondary metabolites of plants, THC in cannabis is assumed to be involved in self-defense, perhaps against herbivores.[11] THC also possesses high UV-B (280–315 nm) absorption properties, which, it has been speculated, could protect the plant from harmful UV radiation exposure.[12][13][14] Pharmacology[edit] Interactions[edit] [edit]
List of psilocybin mushrooms Psilocybin mushrooms are mushrooms which contain the hallucinogenic substance psilocybin. The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries. Many psilocybin mushrooms are in the genus Psilocybe, but species across several other genera contain the drug. Genera[edit] Conocybe[edit] Copelandia[edit] Copelandia affinis Horak[2] (=Panaeolus cyanescens accepted name)Copelandia anomala (Murrill) Singer [2] (=Panaeolus cyanescens accepted name)Copelandia bispora (Malençon & Bertault) Singer & R.A. Galerina[edit] Galerina steglichii Besl [2][4][5] Gymnopilus[edit] Inocybe[edit] Most species in this genus are poisonous.[7] Mycena[edit] Mycena cyanorrhiza Quél. Panaeolopsis[edit] Panaeolopsis Singer species, unspecified Panaeolus[edit] Panaeolus africanus Ola'hPanaeolus bisporus (Malencon and Bertault) Singer and WeeksPanaeolus cambodginiensis (OlaĽh et Heim) Singer & Weeks. Pholiotina[edit] Pluteus[edit] Psilocybe[edit] A[edit] B[edit] C[edit]
Datura wrightii Datura wrightii or Sacred Datura is the name of a poisonous perennial plant and ornamental flower of southwestern North America. It is sometimes used as a hallucinogen. Datura wrightii is classified as a deliriant and an anticholinergic.[1] It is a vigorous herbaceous perennial[2] that grows 30 cm to 1.5 m tall and wide.[3] The leaves are broad and rounded at the base, tapering to a point, often with wavy margins. The flowers are the most striking feature, being sweetly fragrant white trumpets up to 20 cm (8 inches) long, often tinted purple, especially at the margin. There are five narrow points spaced symmetrically around the rim. The seeds are borne in a spiny, globular capsule 3 to 4 cm in diameter, which opens when fully ripe.[2] Datura wrightii is found in northern Mexico and the adjoining U. Other names[edit] Seed pods Toxicity[edit] All parts of Datura plants contain dangerous levels of poison and may be fatal if ingested by humans or other animals, including livestock and pets.
Dimethyltryptamine History[edit] Another historical milestone is the discovery of DMT in plants frequently used by Amazonian natives as additive to the vine Banisteriopsis caapi to make ayahuasca decoctions. Biosynthesis[edit] Biosynthetic pathway for N,N-dimethyltryptamine This transmethylation mechanism has been repeatedly and consistently proven by radiolabeling of SAM methyl group with carbon-14 (14C-CH3)SAM).[22][20][24][25][26] Evidence in mammals[edit] In 2013, researchers first reported DMT in the pineal gland microdialysate of rodents.[28] A study published in 2014 reported the biosynthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in the human melanoma cell line SK-Mel-147 including details on its metabolism by peroxidases. [29] In a 2014 paper, a group first demonstrated the immunomodulatory potential of DMT and 5-MeO-DMT through the Sigma-1_receptor of human immune cells. INMT[edit] Endogenous DMT[edit] The first claimed detection of mammalian endogenous DMT was published in June 1965: German researchers F.
Pro Medical MAarijuana + Author Affiliations Address correspondence to: Dr. Robert Eskay, Bldg. 49, Room 5A-35, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: bobsk@mail.nih.gov Abstract Binge alcohol consumption in the rat induces substantial neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Alcohol is the world's most widely used psychoactive drug, but chronic, excessive alcohol consumption leads to permanent organ damage or death. The rat model of alcohol consumption used in the current study is designed to mimic a single cycle of binge drinking in human alcoholics. Chronic ethanol consumption leads to increases in the density of NMDA receptor expression and subsequently the size of evoked calcium responses (Hu and Ticku, 1995). Ethanol may also injure the brain by increasing oxidative stress. Brain edema has also been a demonstrated result of repeated intoxication and withdrawal cycles, which are the hallmark of binge alcohol consumption (Collins et al., 1998). Materials and Methods Materials.