Diagramming software Diagramming software is software that is used to model, represent and visualise information. Among other uses, such diagrams are often used in software and technical development and business to represent dataflows, workflows, software architecture and organizational charts. Flowchart[edit] The following applications allow you to create flowcharts. UML diagram[edit] See List of Unified Modeling Language tools Concept mapping/Mind mapping[edit] Concept mapping and mind mapping are a subset of diagramming software aimed to represent collections of ideas. Online diagramming[edit] Online diagramming is a way to create flow charts and business diagrams without having to download and install any software. Online Drawing tools[edit] Cacoo - Online Real-Time Collaborative Diagramming & Drawing. Further reading[edit]
Engineering The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET)[1] has defined "engineering" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property.[2][3] One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Designated Engineering Representative, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Ingenieur or European Engineer. History[edit] Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Ancient era[edit] Renaissance era[edit] Modern era[edit]
Interactive Color Wheel Experiment with saturation, intensity, hue, and luma. Please do not be intimidated. Click something – Spot won't bite! , certify this applet to be safe! (... just as it has been since 1998!) You've seen the applet, now Get the Picture (for v1.61) (A color wheel is also known as a colorwheel, colour wheel, or colourwheel.) For best effect, set your video mode to True Color (at least 24 bits). Using the Color Wheel Wedge Map Help has been moved to the Help menu of the applet. The wedge map in the lower right corner contains a lot of information about the currently selected color, as well a clickable square of the previous color. The upper right corner lists statistics for the current color and its complement. Yes, there is a lot going on, but you don't need to know any of it. Color Names In mid-September 2010 I happened upon Chirag Mehta's brilliant Name that Color page. The list of named colors has over 1,500 entries. The little box to the right of the color name contains the exact color. "Huh?
Typography In philately "typography", especially in the case of 19th century stamps, refers to letterpress printing. Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, graffiti artists, clerical workers, and everyone else who arranges type for a product. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users, and David Jury, Head of Graphic Design at Colchester Institute in England, states that “typography is now something everybody does.”[6] §History[edit] Printing press, 16th century in Germany The essential criterion of type identity was met by medieval print artifacts such as the Latin Pruefening Abbey inscription of 1119 that was created by the same technique as the Phaistos disc. Modern movable type, along with the mechanical printing press, is most often attributed to the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg. §Scope[edit]
OmniGraffle Diagramming and digital illustration application OmniGraffle is a diagramming and digital illustration application for macOS and iOS[3] created by The Omni Group. OmniGraffle is used to create graphics and visuals. The application features several design tools, along with a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG interface and a notes function that annotate and create specification documentation for prototypes and mockups. While OmniGraffle can produce graphics and visuals, it is often used as a tool to create content maps, screen flows, and wireframes. Visuals are often referred to as "graffles Application resources and tools [edit] OmniGraffle design tools include canvases, templates, stencils, vector drawings, and grid guides. Canvases Canvases are spaces where users can create shapes. Templates Templates are OmniGraffle application resources. Stencils Stencils are OmniGraffle application resources. OmniGraffle documents are vectorial, and the app includes vector design tools.
Design More formally design has been defined as follows. Another definition for design is a roadmap or a strategic approach for someone to achieve a unique expectation. It defines the specifications, plans, parameters, costs, activities, processes and how and what to do within legal, political, social, environmental, safety and economic constraints in achieving that objective.[3] Here, a "specification" can be manifested as either a plan or a finished product, and "primitives" are the elements from which the design object is composed. With such a broad denotation, there is no universal language or unifying institution for designers of all disciplines. The person designing is called a designer, which is also a term used for people who work professionally in one of the various design areas, usually also specifying which area is being dealt with (such as a fashion designer, concept designer or web designer). Design as a process[edit] The Rational Model[edit] Example sequence of stages[edit] [edit]
Industrial design An iPod, an industrially designed product. KitchenAid 5 qt. Stand Mixer, designed in 1937 by Egmont Arens, remains very successful today Western Electric Model 302 telephone, found throughout the United States from 1937 until the introduction of touch-tone dialing.[1] Calculator Olivetti Divisumma 24 designed in 1956 by Marcello Nizzoli All industrial products are the result of a design process, but the nature of this process can take many forms: it can be conducted by an individual or a large team; it can emphasise intuitive creativity or calculated scientific decision-making; and it can be influenced by factors as varied as materials, production processes, business strategy and prevailing social, commercial or aesthetic attitudes. History[edit] Precursors[edit] The division of labour that underlies the practice of industrial design did have precedents in the pre-industrial era. Birth of industrial design[edit] Education[edit] University and Institutions[edit] Design process[edit] Notes[edit]
Aesthetics "Aesthetician" redirects here. For a cosmetologist who specializes in the study of skin care, see Esthetician. More specific aesthetic theory, often with practical implications, relating to a particular branch of the arts is divided into areas of aesthetics such as art theory, literary theory, film theory and music theory. An example from art theory is aesthetic theory as a set of principles underlying the work of a particular artist or artistic movement: such as the Cubist aesthetic.[6] Etymology[edit] The word aesthetic is derived from the Greek αἰσθητικός (aisthetikos, meaning "esthetic, sensitive, sentient"), which in turn was derived from αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai, meaning "I perceive, feel, sense").[7] The term "aesthetics" was appropriated and coined with new meaning in the German form Æsthetik (modern spelling Ästhetik) by Alexander Baumgarten in 1735. Aesthetics and the philosophy of art[edit] Aesthetics is for the artist as Ornithology is for the birds.— Barnett Newman[8][9]
Ergonomics Human factors and ergonomics (HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and user-friendly systems,[1] is the practice of designing products, systems or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them. The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, biomechanics, industrial design, physiology and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous.[2][3][4] The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics or human factors as follows:[5] HF&E is employed to fulfill the goals of occupational health and safety and productivity. Human factors and ergonomics is concerned with the "fit" between the user, equipment and their environments. Etymology[edit] Domains of specialization[edit] New terms are being generated all the time. Books
Usability Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object. The object of use can be a software application, website, book, tool, machine, process, or anything a human interacts with. A usability study may be conducted as a primary job function by a usability analyst or as a secondary job function by designers, technical writers, marketing personnel, and others. It is widely used in consumer electronics, communication, and knowledge transfer objects (such as a cookbook, a document or online help) and mechanical objects such as a door handle or a hammer. Usability includes methods of measuring usability, such as needs analysis[1] and the study of the principles behind an object's perceived efficiency or elegance. In human-computer interaction and computer science, usability studies the elegance and clarity with which the interaction with a computer program or a web site (web usability) is designed. Introduction[edit] Definition[edit] Usability is a non-functional requirement.
Economics For a topical guide to this subject, see Outline of economics. Economics is the social science that studies the behavior of individuals, households, and organizations (called economic actors, players, or agents), when they manage or use scarce resources, which have alternative uses, to achieve desired ends. Agents are assumed to act rationally, have multiple desirable ends in sight, limited resources to obtain these ends, a set of stable preferences, a definite overall guiding objective, and the capability of making a choice. The traditional concern of economics is to gain an understanding of the processes that govern the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in an exchange economy.[3] An agent may have purposes or ends, such as reducing or protecting individuals from crime, on which he or she wants to spend resources. Definitions There are a variety of modern definitions of economics. J. Economics is a study of man in the ordinary business of life. Microeconomics