Les transformations 3D en CSS3 L’une des innovations majeures apportées par le CSS3 est la capacité à “transformer” des éléments. Ces transformations, qui peuvent être effectuées en 2D (sur la plan de la page) ou en 3D, permettent d’enrichir l’expérience utilisateur avec de tout nouveaux types d’effets visuels. Les transformations combinées avec les transitions permettent en effet d’animer des éléments HTML en effectuant des rotations, des transitions ou des changements d’échelle. Ce tutoriel a été rédigé par Vincent De Oliveira, enseignant et développeur à l’ENSG. Introduction Vous avez déjà entendu parler des transformations en CSS, qu’elles soient 2D ou 3D? Quelles différences entre la 2D et la 3D sur le web? Pour l’affichage d’un site web à l’écran, nous travaillons en 2D: axe X : positif vers la droite de l’écran,axe Y : positif vers le bas de l’écran. Avec l’introduction des transformations 3D par le W3C, cela induit une nouvelle dimension: Quels navigateurs sont compatibles? Comment utiliser les transformations 3D?
3D Transforms and Animations < CSS 3D Transforms were first implemented by the Safari/WebKit team ages ago. Support in other browsers is still variable, but getting better. CSS3 animation and 2D transforms have been implemented in Safari, Firefox, Opera and even Internet Explorer 10, but in this article we're taking it a step further using keyframes to set up perpetual animation effects in 3D space. These effects will work in WebKit (Safari/iPhone/iPad and Chrome) and Mozilla (Firefox) browsers. 1. What are keyframes? A @-webkit-keyframes block contains rule sets called keyframes. While this may sound complicated, and can be, we're starting with one of the most simple examples. In this example the keyframe has been assigned the name 'spinner' for later reference. 2. The 'stage' is the element in which our animation takes place. The optional perspective attribute defines how extreme the 3D effect will be as elements move up and down the Z-axis (come out of the page). 3. 4. And here's the final product! 5. 6. 7. 8. 11.
Bouncing Ball Animation < CSS Tweet10 Shares5 Shares0 Tweets6 Comments Following on from our introduction to CSS Transforms, and using lessons learned from implementing 3D Transforms and Animations, this article presents an animation of a bouncing ball - for now just in two dimensions, but it shouldn't be too much of a step to move to three. These animation will now work in Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Internet Explore 10. 1. For this animation we're going to use two keyframes - one to translate the ball horizontally with a constant velocity and a second to apply a roughly parabolic vertical bouncing motion. The horizontal motion can be easily implemented using the following keyframe: This keyframe will be referenced later using the assigned name 'travel' and applied using a linear transition timing function that changes direction with each iteration. For the vertical, bouncing, animation, we're going to make use of the ease-in and ease-out timing functions to simulate the effects of a gravity field: 2. 3. 4. 5.
Infinite Animated Photo Wheel < CSS Our first attempts at using CSS 3D Transforms to create an animated photo carousel were not entirely practical as they were limited to a small number of photos. We had more luck using CSS to layout the photos in 3D space combined with JavaScript to iterate through the available photos with our Photo Rotator, but it was a bit boring with no movement effects. So then we wondered what would happen if the two techniques were combined. The following examples are working in Safari, Chrome, Firefox and Opera 15. Using Internet Explorer 10 and higher it is possible to reproduce the effects using the -ms- browser prefix and a work-around for the preserve-3d setting (separate @keyframes for each element). 1. The HTML is very similar to previous examples. The inline style attribute references the animation @keyframes below. 2. The value of -81px is to move the photos left so that the forward facing photo is centred across the rotation axis. 3. 4. It's not clear why setTimeout is required here. 5. 6.
Animation Using CSS Transforms < CSS Tweet363 Shares Share0 Tweets37 Comments The examples on this page will work now in Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Opera and Internet Explorer 10. In older browsers you will see either no effects, or the transforms taking place without any animation. The animations presented below involve setting up a transformation to take place in response to a mouseover or other event. Then, rather than applying the effect instantly, we assign a transition timing function which causes the transformation to take place incrementally over a set time period. There are also other kinds of animation available, including @keyframes for perpetual motion, and requestAnimationFrame which gives complete control over the timing and path. Firefox and Opera now support these transforms with an almost identical syntax - just replace -webkit- with -moz- or -o- in the examples below. Internet Explorer 10 supports transitions with no prefix. To support all modern browsers, the following styles should be used for transitions:
CSS3 transitions | CSS3 transitions, transforms and animations Browser Support for CSS transitions How to use transitions If you haven't used transitions before, here's a brief introduction. On the element you want to have animate, add the following CSS: There is a lot of duplication due to vendor prefixes - until the specification if finalised, this will persist. Another approach is simply to write the CSS without the prefixes, then use Lea Verou's -prefix-free to add them in at runtime. Something you definitely shouldn't do is to only include the webkit prefix. It's worth noting as well that there isn't an -ms- prefix on these properties. The syntax is pretty straightforward, you specify the property you want to animate, all or border-radius or color or whatever, the time to run, then the transition timing function. Whenever any property changes, then it will animate instead of changing directly. To see the difference in speed, have a look at the speed test. Different timing functions Delays The syntax for a CSS3 transition is of the form:
Timing des animations et des transitions en CSS3 L'arrivée de CSS3 il y a quelques années a pour plusieurs d'entre nous grandement révolutionné la manière dont nous intégrions un site Web. D'abord, ce furent les propriétés purement graphiques (coins arrondis, ombres portées) qui frayèrent leur chemin jusqu'en mode production. Ces propriétés étaient les mieux supportées des différents navigateurs, et elles étaient facilement imitables sur les plus anciens grâce aux outils à notre disposition (Par exemple: Css3Pie, Selectivizr, Modernizr, etc). Même la tâche redondante consistant à préfixer nos propriétés CSS3 est aujourd'hui facilitée avec Prefixr et PrefixFree. Aujourd'hui, l'étendue des possibilités auxquelles a accès un intégrateur est assez impressionnante. Et enfin, les propriétés de transition et d'animation sont plutôt bien supportées par l'ensemble des navigateurs modernes, y compris à partir d'Internet Explorer 10. Le sujet des transitions et des animations a déjà été traité par maints auteurs. Quelques Références Transitions:
CSS3: The Multi Column Layout and How it Will Change Web Design What is strikingly odd about web design is just how difficult it can be to make a multiple column website. For the last 15 years we’ve been designing websites like newspapers and magazines, consisting of many columns, and it’s been working out pretty well. The tools we use, however, haven’t changed that much since then as regards layout. For example, in CSS we have to use the float property which can be quite bothersome and even worse, we may even resort to an old status quo: using tables. That’s why the CSS3 Multi Column Module is perhaps one of the most interesting and exciting things that has happened to CSS in a long time. It’s not a gimmick or design trick like box-shadow or animation. Opera (Presto) is pushing ahead with support of this module. What it does Columns are a way of organizing content. So what we’re saying here is that the div will be separated into columns that will be 10em wide. Wide Screen Normal Screen Small Screen This is all automatic! columns column-count column-width
Getting Started - Google Web Fonts This guide explains how to use the Google Fonts API to add fonts to your web pages. You don't need to do any programming; all you have to do is add a special stylesheet link to your HTML document, then refer to the font in a CSS style. A quick example Here's an example. Copy and paste the following HTML into a file: Then open the file in a modern web browser. Making the Web Beautiful! That sentence is ordinary text, so you can change how it looks by using CSS. You should now see a drop shadow under the text: And that's only the beginning of what you can do with the Fonts API and CSS. Overview You can start using the Google Fonts API in just two steps: Add a stylesheet link to request the desired web font(s): Style an element with the requested web font, either in a stylesheet: or with an inline style on the element itself: For a list of fonts you can use, see Google Fonts. Specifying font families and styles in a stylesheet URL For example, to request the Inconsolata font: For example:
Introduction au CSS3 Cette introduction est destinée à ceux qui souhaitent avoir un aperçu global de ce qu’apporte le CSS3. Vous y découvrirez un ensemble conséquent de nouveautés, comment utiliser les préfixes propriétaires afin d’en tirer profit dès maintenant et nous discuterons du caractère non-critique de son utilisation. Il s’agit de la suite logique de l’Introduction à l’HTML5, mais elle peut être lue indépendamment. Sommaire Le CSS3 c’est quoi ? Le CSS3 est le nom employé pour caractériser l’ensemble des nouveautés depuis le CSS2.1. Mais le CSS3 c’est également un ensemble de nouveaux sélecteurs, de nouvelles manières de spécifier les couleurs, une détection des caractéristiques de l’appareil de l’utilisateur, des calculs dans les feuilles de style, des SVG en arrière plan… bref, le CSS3 est un généreux enrichissement des feuilles de style qui, en plus d’être profitable à l’utilisateur, l’est au développeur également ! Exemple pratique : Les bordures arrondies Et vous vous dites : Avec pour CSS : Non. à