Corporate personhood Corporate personhood is the legal notion that a corporation, separately from its associated human beings (like owners, managers, or employees), has at least some of the legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons (physical humans).[1] In the United States and most countries, corporations have a right to enter into contracts with other parties and to sue or be sued in court in the same way as natural persons or unincorporated associations of persons. In a U.S. historical context, the phrase 'Corporate Personhood' refers to the ongoing legal debate over the extent to which rights traditionally associated with natural persons should also be afforded to corporations. A headnote issued by the Court Reporter in the 1886 Supreme Court case Santa Clara County v. In the United States[edit] As a matter of interpretation of the word "person" in the Fourteenth Amendment, U.S. courts have extended certain constitutional protections to corporations. In the 1886 case Santa Clara v.
Private Prosecutions: Legal Guidance: The Crown Prosecution Service Top of page Principle A private prosecution is a prosecution started by a private individual who is not acting on behalf of the police or any other prosecuting authority or body which conducts prosecutions. The right to bring private prosecutions is preserved by section 6(1) Prosecution of Offences Act, 1985 . the DPP has power under section 6(2) Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 to take over private prosecutions; in some cases, the private prosecutor must seek the consent of the Attorney General or of the DPP before the commencement of proceedings. In principle, there is nothing wrong in allowing a private prosecution to run its course through to verdict and, in appropriate cases, sentence. However, there will be instances where it is appropriate for the CPS to exercise the Director's powers under section 6(2), either to continue the prosecution or to discontinue it. Where the private prosecution requires extradition proceedings, prosecutors should follow the Legal Guidance on Extradition.
State's highest court backs lying in politics OLYMPIA -- You just can't keep a politician from lying. In a 5-4 ruling Thursday, the state Supreme Court struck down a 1999 law that banned political candidates from intentionally lying about their opponents. The high court majority said the law was an affront to free speech. "The notion that the government, rather than the people, may be the final arbiter of truth in political debate is fundamentally at odds with the First Amendment," Justice Jim Johnson wrote in the majority opinion. The dissent called the decision "an invitation to lie with impunity." That temptation was already in place, said Travis Ridout, a political science professor at Washington State University. "The lies about your opponent's record, we've almost come to expect them from politicians, so voters don't spend much time trying to arbitrate," Ridout said. The American Civil Liberties Union hailed the ruling as an important victory for free speech. State Sen. "There's no downside to lying," he said.
Concentration of media ownership Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.[1] Contemporary research demonstrates increasing levels of consolidation, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a very small number of firms.[2][3] Globally, large media conglomerates include Viacom, CBS Corporation, Time Warner, News Corporation, Bertelsmann AG, Sony, Comcast, Vivendi, Televisa, The Walt Disney Company, Hearst Corporation, Organizações Globo and Lagardère Group.[4][5][6] As of 2012, The Walt Disney Company is the largest media conglomerate in the US, with News Corporation, Time Warner and Viacom ranking second, third and fourth respectively.[7] Mergers[edit] Media oligopoly[edit] Elimination of net neutrality[edit] Net neutrality is also at stake when media mergers occur. Debates and issues[edit] Diversity of viewpoints[edit] Other[edit]
Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and lead to higher prices for consumers.[1] With few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. Description[edit] Oligopoly is a common market form where a number of firms are in competition. Oligopolistic competition can give rise to a wide range of different outcomes. Firms often collude in an attempt to stabilize unstable markets, so as to reduce the risks inherent in these markets for investment and product development. In other situations, competition between sellers in an oligopoly can be fierce, with relatively low prices and high production. Thus the welfare analysis of oligopolies is sensitive to the parameter values used to define the market's structure. Oligopoly theory makes heavy use of game theory to model the behavior of oligopolies: . India[edit]
Code of Canon Law See also: Credits IntraText CT is the hypertextualized text together with wordlists and concordances.Help: Overview - Text & search - Lists - Concordances - Glossary - For easier reading... - Table of Contents - Statistics and graphs (Occurrences: 131322. Credits The CIA: America's Premier International Terrorist Organization Question by Congressman William Alexander, Jr. So you worked for Mr. [John] Gotti as well as for the CIA?Answer by Richard Brenneke. Actually the CIA told me to do that on his behalf. Q. CIA operations follow the same recurring script. Alongside and underneath these visible structures is a veritable menagerie of secret planning cabals and "operational units" that try to put the contending strategies of different power centers of capital into effect. The CIA's Drug-Trafficking Activities The CIA's operational directorate, in other words that's their covert operations, para-military, dirty tricks — call it whatever you want — has for at least 40 years that we can document paid for a significant amount of its work through the sales of heroin and cocaine. — Guerrilla News Network's Interview with Christopher Simpson The U.S. By the end of the 1980's it was calculated that the illegal use of drugs in the United States now netted its controllers over $110 billion a year. — Modern Times, p.782.
Why America and Israel Are the Greatest Threats to Peace It is not easy to escape from one's skin, to see the world differently from the way it is presented to us day after day. But it is useful to try. Let's take a few examples. The war drums are beating ever more loudly over Iran. Imagine the situation to be reversed. Iran is carrying out a murderous and destructive low-level war against Israel with great-power participation. Iranian leaders are therefore announcing their intention to bomb Israel, and prominent Iranian military analysts report that the attack may happen before the U.S. elections. Iran can use its powerful air force and new submarines sent by Germany, armed with nuclear missiles and stationed off the coast of Israel. All unimaginable, of course, though it is actually happening, with the cast of characters reversed. Like its patron, Israel resorts to violence at will. Iran too has carried out aggression -- but during the past several hundred years, only under the U.S. Sweden would be honored for this principled stand.
The Federal Reserve, a Privately Owned Banking Cartel, Has Been Given Police Powers, with Glock 22s and Patrol Cars September 17, 2012 | By mid morning on Monday, September 17, as Occupy Wall Street protesters marched around the perimeter of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, all signs that an FRPD (Federal Reserve Police Department) existed had disappeared. The FRPD patrol cars and law enforcement officers had been replaced by NYPD patrol cars and officers. That decision may have been made to keep from drawing attention to a mushrooming new domestic police force that most Americans do not know exists. Quietly, without fanfare or Congressional hearings, the USA Patriot Act in 2001 bestowed on the 12 privately owned Federal Reserve Banks, domestic policing powers. The police officers are technically known as FRLEO, short for Federal Reserve Law Enforcement Officer. According to a former St. The FRLEOs employed by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Washington, D.C. are considered employees of the Federal government since the Board is a government entity.
Executive Order -- National Defense Resources Preparedness By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 101. Purpose. This order delegates authorities and addresses national defense resource policies and programs under the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (the "Act"). Sec. 102. Sec. 103. (a) identify requirements for the full spectrum of emergencies, including essential military and civilian demand; (c) be prepared, in the event of a potential threat to the security of the United States, to take actions necessary to ensure the availability of adequate resources and production capability, including services and critical technology, for national defense requirements; Sec. 104. (b) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall: Sec. 201.
Psychopathic Personality Traits Linked With U.S. Presidential Success, Psychologists Suggest Lack of guilt, fearlessness and interpersonal dominance -- that may sound like a description of a high-powered executive or politician, but it's actually a list of traits commonly found in psychopaths. According to new research, this similarity may not be a coincidence. A team of researchers at Emory University in Atlanta recently found that the fearless dominance associated with psychopathy may predict presidential performance. The study was published in the September 2012 issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. "Certain psychopathic traits may be like a double-edged sword," the study's lead author Dr. Scott Lilienfeld, a psychologist at Emory, said in a written statement. The researchers compiled personality assessments of the 42 previous U.S. presidents -- up to and including George W. Out of all the former presidents tested in the Emory study, Theodore Roosevelt ranked the highest for fearless dominance, according to the researchers. Also on HuffPost:
Towards Reforming Financial and Monetary Systems in the Context of Global Public Authority Preface Presupposition 1. Economic Development and Inequalities2. The Role of Technology and the Ethical Challenge3. Conclusions Preface “The world situation requires the concerted effort of everyone, a thorough examination of every facet of the problem – social, economic, cultural and spiritual. With these words, in the prophetic and always relevant Encyclical Populorum Progressio of 1967, Pope Paul VI outlined in a clear way “the trajectories” of the Church’s close relation with the world. The economic and financial crisis which the world is going through summons everyone, as individuals and peoples, to examine in depth the principles and the cultural and moral values that underlie social coexistence. In this perspective, as Pope Benedict XVI teaches, the crisis “obliges us to re-plan our journey, to set ourselves new rules and to discover new forms of commitment, to build on positive experiences and to reject negative ones. Peter K. Bishop Mario TosoSecretary Presupposition 1. 2. 3.
Encyclical Pacem in Terris of John XXIII, 11 April 1963 To Our Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and all other Local Ordinaries who are at Peace and in Communion with the Apostolic See, and to the Clergy and Faithful of the entire Catholic World, and to all Men of Good Will. Venerable Brethren and Dearest Sons Health and Apostolic Benediction. Peace on Earth—which man throughout the ages has so longed for and sought after—can never be established, never guaranteed, except by the diligent observance of the divinely established order. Order in the Universe 2. 3. Moreover, (2a) God created man "in His own image and likeness," (3) endowed him with intelligence and freedom, and made him lord of creation. Order in Human Beings 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Rights 11. Rights Pertaining to Moral and Cultural Values 12. 13. The Right to Worship God According to One's Conscience 14. The Right to Choose Freely One's State in Life 15. 16. 17. Economic Rights 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. The Right of Meeting and Association 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.