Web application framework History[edit] Around the same time, full integrated server/language development environments first emerged, such as WebBase and new languages specifically for use in the web started to emerge, such as ColdFusion, PHP and Active Server Pages. Types of framework architectures[edit] Most web application frameworks are based on the model–view–controller (MVC) pattern. Model–view–controller (MVC)[edit] Push-based vs. pull-based[edit] Three-tier organization[edit] In three-tier organization, applications are structured around three physical tiers: client, application, and database.[7][8][9][10] The database is normally an RDBMS. Framework applications[edit] General-purpose website frameworks[edit] For example, Zend Framework. Discussion forums, wikis and weblogs[edit] For example, WikiBase/WikiWikiWeb. Organizational portals[edit] For example, JBoss Portal or eXo Platform. Content management systems (CMS)[edit] Features[edit] Web template system[edit] Caching[edit] Security[edit] Scaffolding[edit] Ajax[edit]
JavaScript: The World's Most Misunderstood Programming Language Douglas Crockford www.crockford.com JavaScript, aka Mocha, aka LiveScript, aka JScript, aka ECMAScript, is one of the world's most popular programming languages. Virtually every personal computer in the world has at least one JavaScript interpreter installed on it and in active use. JavaScript's popularity is due entirely to its role as the scripting language of the WWW. Despite its popularity, few know that JavaScript is a very nice dynamic object-oriented general-purpose programming language. How can this be a secret? The Name The Java- prefix suggests that JavaScript is somehow related to Java, that it is a subset or less capable version of Java. JavaScript has a syntactic similarity to Java, much as Java has to C. JavaScript was not developed at Sun Microsystems, the home of Java. The -Script suffix suggests that it is not a real programming language, that a scripting language is less than a programming language. Lisp in C's Clothing Typecasting Moving Target Design Errors Bad Books
JScript JScript is Microsoft's dialect of the ECMAScript standard[2] that is used in Microsoft's Internet Explorer. JScript is implemented as a Active Scripting engine. This means that it can be "plugged in" to OLE Automation applications that support Active Scripting, such as Internet Explorer, Active Server Pages, and Windows Script Host.[3] It also means such applications can use multiple Active Scripting languages (e.g., JScript, VBScript, PerlScript, etc.). JScript was first supported in the Internet Explorer 3.0 browser released in August 1996. JScript 10.0[4] is a separate dialect, also known as JScript .NET, which adds several new features from the abandoned fourth edition of the ECMAScript standard. Comparison to JavaScript[edit] As explained by JavaScript guru Douglas Crockford in his talk titled The JavaScript Programming Language on YUI Theater, [Microsoft] did not want to deal with Sun about the trademark issue, and so they called their implementation JScript. Versions[edit]
janl/mustache.js Document Object Model Hierarchy of objects in an example HTML DOM—Document Object Model Legacy DOM[edit] Intermediate DOM[edit] In 1997, Netscape and Microsoft released version 4.0 of Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer respectively, adding support for Dynamic HTML (DHTML), functionality enabling changes to a loaded HTML document. Standardization[edit] The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), founded in 1994 to promote open standards for the World Wide Web, brought Netscape Communications and Microsoft together with other companies to develop a standard for browser scripting languages, called "ECMAScript." After the release of ECMAScript, W3C began work on a standardized DOM. DOM Level 2 was published in late 2000. DOM Level 3, the current release of the DOM specification, published in April 2004, added support for XPath and keyboard event handling, as well as an interface for serializing documents as XML. DOM Level 4 is currently being developed. Applications[edit] Web browsers[edit] Implementations[edit]
Web development Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, and social network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include web design, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development. For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds of people (web developers). Web development as an industry[edit] Since the commercialization of the web, web development has been a growing industry. An ever growing set of tools and technologies have helped developers build more dynamic and interactive websites. Typical areas[edit] Client side coding[edit] Basic[edit]
XML.com Getting Started with XML Programming April 21, 1999 If you're new to programming with XML, you may be wondering how to get started. The benefits of using XML to store structured data may be obvious, but once you've got some data in XML, how do you get it back out? In this article, we'll explore several alternatives and look at some concrete solutions in Perl. We're going to build a simple text processing application that uses XML to store user preferences and other configuration data. Reading configuration files Many applications need to store user preferences and other sorts of configuration information. Most programmers have probably written code to process text files like this at one time or another. Example 1. [section1] name1=value1 name2=value2 [section2] someothername=someothervalue In this article, I'm going to propose an XML version of the configuration file format (see Example 2), and explore several ways to get information out of files in this format using Perl. Example 2.
XHTML XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written. While HTML (prior to HTML5) was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a very flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. Because XHTML documents need to be well-formed, they can be parsed using standard XML parsers—unlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser. XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation on January 26, 2000. Overview[edit] XHTML 1.0 is "a reformulation of the three HTML 4 document types as applications of XML 1.0".[3] The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) also continues to maintain the HTML 4.01 Recommendation, and the specifications for HTML5 and XHTML5 are being actively developed. Motivation[edit] Relationship to HTML[edit] Adoption[edit]
A List of Foundational JavaScript Tools In our boot camps, students are introduced to several tools and libraries to expand the abilities of their code. Kalina, one of our current JavaScript students, compiled a list of these tools and wanted to share it with other Code Fellows. Ivan Storck, our JavaScript Boot Camp instructor, used Kalina's list to draft up this helpful mind map: General Scaffolding Tools (for starting projects) Yeoman - Yeoman is a robust and opinionated client-side stack, comprising tools and frameworks that can help developers quickly build beautiful web applications. Build Tools (automation) Grunt.js - The Grunt ecosystem is huge and it's growing every day. Package Management Tools Front End MVC Frameworks Backbone.js - Backbone.js gives structure to web applications by providing models with key-value binding and custom events, collections with a rich API of enumerable functions, and views with declarative event handling. Templates Testing Back End Servers Databases Architectural Style Assertion Libraries Update:
jQuery jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.[2] It was released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig. It is currently developed by a team of developers led by Dave Methvin. Used by over 80% of the 10,000 most visited websites,[3] jQuery is the most popular JavaScript library in use today.[4][5] The set of jQuery core features—DOM element selections, traversal and manipulation—enabled by its selector engine (named "Sizzle" from v1.3), created a new "programming style", fusing algorithms and DOM-data-structures; and influenced the architecture of other JavaScript frameworks like YUI v3 and Dojo. Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms.[7] Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio[8] for use within Microsoft's ASP.NET AJAX framework and ASP.NET MVC Framework while Nokia has integrated it into the Web Run-Time widget development platform.[9] jQuery has also been used in MediaWiki since version 1.16.[10]
Spring Framework The Spring Framework is an open source application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Although the framework does not impose any specific programming model, it has become popular in the Java community as an alternative to, replacement for, or even addition to the Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) model. Version history[edit] Modules[edit] The Spring Framework includes several modules that provide range of services: Inversion of control container (dependency injection)[edit] Objects created by the container are also called managed objects or beans. In many cases one need not use the container when using other parts of the Spring Framework, although using it will likely make an application easier to configure and customize. Aspect-oriented programming framework[edit] Data access framework[edit]
The XML Programming Language Click below to go directly to a specific section: History| Significant Language Features| Areas of Application| Sample Programs| Related Links| Printed References| Acknowledgements History XML, which stands for Extensible Markup Language, is a language similar to HTML used for creating arbitrarily-structured documents and web pages. The language is a filtered version of SGML, Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language, but more suited for web delivery with less overhead common with SGML. Unlike HTML, XML specifies no pre-defined tags. Significant Language Features XML files are written in ASCII text, so the information contained within an XML document is exchangeable between otherwise incompatible systems. The syntax of XML is completely ambiguous and really cannot be standardized. Since it is a text file, it can be viewed in any text editor. Areas of Application XML's biggest area of application is the organization of data within an intranet. Sample Programs An Invoice in XML Related Links