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Mirror neuron A mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another.[1][2][3] Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself acting. Such neurons have been directly observed in primate species.[4] Birds have been shown to have imitative resonance behaviors and neurological evidence suggests the presence of some form of mirroring system.[4][5] In humans, brain activity consistent with that of mirror neurons has been found in the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, the primary somatosensory cortex and the inferior parietal cortex.[6] The function of the mirror system is a subject of much speculation. Discovery[edit] Further experiments confirmed that about 10% of neurons in the monkey inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex have "mirror" properties and give similar responses to performed hand actions and observed actions. Origin[edit] In monkeys[edit] In humans[edit]
ROUVILLOIS COMPLET Extended consciousness Developed in his (1999) book, 'The Feeling of What Happens', Antonio Damasio's three layered theory of consciousness is based on a hierarchy of stages, with each stage building upon the last. The most basic representation of the organism is referred to as the Protoself, next is Core Consciousness, and finally, Extended Consciousness. Damasio, who is an internationally recognized leader in neuroscience, was educated at the University of Lisbon and currently directs the University of Southern California Brain and Creativity Institute.[1] Damasio's approach to explaining the development of consciousness relies on three notions: emotion, feeling, and feeling a feeling. Emotions are a collection of unconsicous neural responses to qualia. These complex reactions to stimuli cause observable external changes in the organism. A feeling arises when the organism becomes aware of the changes it is experiencing as a result of external or internal stimuli.[2] Protoself[edit] Core consciousness[edit]
Theory of mind Definition[edit] Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is not directly observable.[1] The presumption that others have a mind is termed a theory of mind because each human can only intuit the existence of his/her own mind through introspection, and no one has direct access to the mind of another. It is typically assumed that others have minds by analogy with one's own, and this assumption is based on the reciprocal nature of social interaction, as observed in joint attention,[4] the functional use of language,[5] and the understanding of others' emotions and actions.[6] Having a theory of mind allows one to attribute thoughts, desires, and intentions to others, to predict or explain their actions, and to posit their intentions. Theory of mind appears to be an innate potential ability in humans; one requiring social and other experience over many years for its full development. Philosophical and psychological roots[edit] Development[edit] Empirical investigation[edit] Autism[edit]
IMHE 2006 Le frère Samuel a rejoint la Congrégation des Frères de Saint Jean en 1982 à l’âge de 21 ans. Il est ordonné prêtre en 1988 Samuel Rouvillois est titulaire d’un doctorat de philosophie à l’université de la Sorbonne Paris I (Corps et Sagesse, publié aux Editions Fayard, 1995), et d’une maîtrise de théologie à l’université catholique de Lyon. Il est depuis 2001 responsable de la formation des frères en tant que Doyen de philosophie de l' Ecole Saint Jean (Centre de Formation de la Congrégation Saint Jean) à Saint Jodard (42). Expert auprès du Centre des Jeunes Dirigeants (CJD), et de l'Association pour la Fondation de Service Politique (AFSP), il est notamment conférencier ordinaire de l'Association Progrès du Management (APM), de l’Aspen Institute France et du MEDEF (Université d’été). Par ailleurs, Il accompagne le Club E-Reflexion dans sa réflexion sur le thème d’une ‘Economie à Finalité Humaine’. www.ereflexion.org
Philosophy of mind A phrenological mapping[1] of the brain – phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. The mind–body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as one key issue in philosophy of mind, although there are other issues concerning the nature of the mind that do not involve its relation to the physical body, such as how consciousness is possible and the nature of particular mental states.[2][3][4] Mind–body problem[edit] Our perceptual experiences depend on stimuli that arrive at our various sensory organs from the external world, and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Arguments for dualism[edit]
100 Ways To Become More Conscious: How To Raise Your Consciousness 1. Connect with nature – Go for a walk in the forest, jungle, field of daisies, or wherever you feel like getting a connection with nature. It is possible to feel at deep sense of peace and oneness when you attempt to connect with nature. As you learn to connect and appreciate nature, you allow your consciousness to rise up. 2. – Exercise and dancing will raise your consciousness by promoting healthy brainwave patterns, healthy neurotransmitter levels, and great circulation throughout your nervous system. 3. - Whether you are an advanced meditator or a beginner, the benefits are tremendous and will allow you to tap into your highest state of conscious functioning if you stick around long enough. 4. - Find only friends that align with who you are, your beliefs, and your values – they will make you more conscious. 5. – If you have the intention to raise your consciousness and state of awareness, you are on the right track. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. - There are many ways to become more intelligent.
"Notre troisième cerveau" de Jean-michel Oughourlian - René Girard - Association Recherches Mimétiques Prenez un couple. Depuis quelque temps, cet homme ne regarde plus son épouse qu’avec ennui. Survient un étranger, dont les yeux brillent quand il voit cette femme. En peu le temps, l’ardeur du mari renaît. Hier indifférent, il serait prêt à se battre pour réaffirmer son "amour éternel". Nous ne désirons rien tant que ce que désire l’autre. Les mêmes zones de mon cerveau sont activées si je fais une action ou si je la regarde faire par un autre. Cette approche dessine donc une nouvelle psychologie et une nouvelle psychiatrie. La rencontre des neurosciences et de la psychologie mimétique nous ouvre à une nouvelle vision de l’être humain. Avant-propos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Introduction. La réciprocité et le moi-entre-deux . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 La recherche scientifique dans le domaine de l’imitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 L’imitation et la rivalité. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1.
Consciousness Representation of consciousness from the seventeenth century At one time consciousness was viewed with skepticism by many scientists, but in recent years it has become a significant topic of research in psychology, neuropsychology and neuroscience. The primary focus is on understanding what it means biologically and psychologically for information to be present in consciousness—that is, on determining the neural and psychological correlates of consciousness. The majority of experimental studies assess consciousness by asking human subjects for a verbal report of their experiences (e.g., "tell me if you notice anything when I do this"). Issues of interest include phenomena such as subliminal perception, blindsight, denial of impairment, and altered states of consciousness produced by drugs and alcohol, or spiritual or meditative techniques. Etymology and early history[edit] John Locke, British philosopher active in the 17th century In the dictionary[edit] Philosophy of mind[edit]
Scientific evidence for survival of consciousness after death According to Wikipedia.org, "psychometry" is a psychic ability in which the user is able to relate details about the past condition of an object or area, usually by being in close contact with it. The user could allegedly, for example, give police precise details about a murder or other violent crime if they were at the crime scene or were holding the weapon used. About.com's Paranormal Phenomena website lists information about several of the most convincing psychometrists. Stefan Ossowiecki, a Russian-born psychic, is one of the most famous psychometrists. Ossowiecki claimed to be able to see people's auras and to move objects through psychokinesis. His psychic gifts enabled this chemical engineer to locate lost objects and missing people, and he assisted in several criminal investigations. In later experiments, Ossowiecki performed remarkable psychometric feats with archeological objects - a kind of psychic archeology.
Genèse du désir - Jean-Michel Oughourlian - Carnets Nord Genèse du désir Nous avons abandonné les codes qui réglaient nos liens amoureux. Mais sommes-nous maîtres de nos choix ? Rien n’est moins sûr. Nous sommes devenus malades de notre désir. Comment sauver un couple lorsque la guerre s’y déclare ? Jean-Michel Oughourlian Jean-Michel Oughourlian est neuropsychiatre et psychologue. Revue de presse L’auteur nous explique comment vivre et aimer en toute liberté. Neural correlates of consciousness The Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness (NCC) constitute the smallest set of neural events and structures sufficient for a given conscious percept or explicit memory. This case involves synchronized action potentials in neocortical pyramidal neurons.[1] Neurobiological approach to consciousness[edit] A science of consciousness must explain the exact relationship between subjective mental states and brain states, the nature of the relationship between the conscious mind and the electro-chemical interactions in the body. Progress in neurophilosophy has come from focusing on the body rather than the mind. In this context the neuronal correlates of consciousness may be viewed as its causes, and consciousness may be thought of as a state-dependent property of some undefined complex, adaptive, and highly interconnected biological system.[4] What characterizes the NCC? Level of arousal and content of consciousness[edit] The neuronal basis of perception[edit]