Pratiloma ujjayi Ujjayi meaning 'victorious' is an integral type of Pranayama, breathing exercise, used in yoga. It is often called the psychic breath because of its effects on the mind state. Pranayama techniques should be studied with a qualified teacher to ensure correct practice. Simple Ujjayi is achieved by consciously restricting the flow of air through the larynx producing a 'just audiable' snoring sound, like whispering with the mouth closed or breathing through a straw. Pratiloma Ujjayi utilises alternate nostril breathing and Ujjayi in a way that balances and centres the body/mind and extends the length of the breath. The body should be steady, shoulders back, relaxed and away from the ears, the back and neck long, this opens the chest to allow unrestricted breathing. Left hand in Jnana mudra and right hand in Vishnu or Mrgi mudra. Practice[edit] The use of Ujjayi is denoted by*. Pratiloma is described as going against the flow and will affect the body; care should be taken. References[edit]
Pitch drop experiment The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, featuring its then current custodian, Professor John Mainstone (taken in 1990, two years after the seventh drop and 10 years before the eighth drop fell). University of Queensland experiment[edit] The eighth drop fell on 28 November 2000, allowing experimenters to calculate that the pitch has a viscosity approximately 230 billion (2.3×1011) times that of water.[2] This is recorded in Guinness World Records as the world's longest continuously running laboratory experiment, and it is expected that there is enough pitch in the funnel to allow it to continue for at least another hundred years. The experiment was not originally carried out under any special controlled atmospheric conditions, meaning that the viscosity could vary throughout the year with fluctuations in temperature. Professor Mainstone subsequently commented: Professor John Mainstone died on 23 August 2013 following a stroke. Timeline[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
Lung volumes Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle. Lung volumes are directly measured; Lung capacities are inferred from lung volumes. The average total lung capacity of an DIGGDS adult human male is about 6 litres of air,[1] but only a small amount of this capacity is used during normal breathing. The lung capacity of freediver and world record holder Herbert Nitsch is measured to be 10 Liters, which he can expand to 15 Liters with a special technique called “packing” or “buccal pumping”. Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing; the tidal volume is the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled in only a single such breath. The average human respiratory rate is 30-60 breaths per minute at birth,[2] decreasing to 12-20 breaths per minute in adults.[3] Factors affecting volumes[edit] Several factors affect lung volumes; some can be controlled and some cannot. Specific changes in lung volumes also occur during pregnancy.
The Pitch Drop Experiment | School of Mathematics and Physics We're home to the famous Pitch Drop experiment, which holds the Guinness World Record for the longest-running laboratory experiment. The experiment demonstrates the fluidity and high viscosity of pitch, a derivative of tar that is the world's thickest known fluid and was once used for waterproofing boats. Thomas Parnell, UQ's first Professor of Physics, created the experiment in 1927 to illustrate that everyday materials can exhibit quite surprising properties. At room temperature pitch feels solid - even brittle - and can easily be shattered with a hammer. The experiment explained In 1927 Professor Parnell heated a sample of pitch and poured it into a glass funnel with a sealed stem. Since then, the pitch has slowly dripped out of the funnel - so slowly that it took eight years for the first drop to fall, and more than 40 years for another five to follow. The late Professor John Mainstone became the experiment's second custodian in 1961. See for yourself Related links UQ Physics Museum
Inert gas An inert gas is a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions under a set of given conditions. The noble gases and nitrogen often do not react with many substances.[1] Inert gases are used generally to avoid unwanted chemical reactions degrading a sample. These undesirable chemical reactions are often oxidation and hydrolysis reactions with the oxygen and moisture in air. The term inert gas is context-dependent because nitrogen gas and several of the noble gases can be made to react under certain conditions. Purified nitrogen and argon gases are most commonly used as inert gases due to their high natural abundance (78% N2, 1% Ar in air) and low relative cost. Unlike noble gases, an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and is often a compound gas. Production[edit] The inert gases are obtained by fractional distillation of air. Applications[edit] Because of the non-reactive properties of inert gases they are often useful to prevent undesirable chemical reactions from taking place.
Magnifying the Universe Embed this infographic on your site! <iframe width="500" height="323" scrolling="no" src=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br />Copyright 2012. <a href=" the Universe</a> by <a href=" Sleuth</a>. The above is an interactive infographic. We have also developed a complimentary poster that you can view here: Sizes of the Universe poster. Introduction: This interactive infographic from Number Sleuth accurately illustrates the scale of over 100 items within the observable universe ranging from galaxies to insects, nebulae and stars to molecules and atoms. While other sites have tried to magnify the universe, no one else has done so with real photographs and 3D renderings. How To Use: Step 1:To experience this interactive infographic in full screen (our recommendation) click the "Full Screen" button in the top right corner of the infographic. Credits:
Ventilation (physiology) Ventilation volumes and rates are categorized under the following definitions: Pulmonary ventilation may be evaluated using a breathing tube or spirometer, measuring the movement of the chest and abdominal walls using respiratory inductance plethysmography or by isolating the subject in an enclosed metabolic chamber (body plethysmography). Pulmonology Pulmonology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract.[1] The term is derived from the Latin word pulmō, pulmonis ("lung") and the Greek -λογία, -logia. Pulmonology is synonymous with pneumology (from the Greek πνεύμων ("lung") and -λογία, -logia), respirology and respiratory medicine. Pulmonology is known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine in some countries and areas. Variations in nomenclature[edit] In the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa[dubious ], and Australia the term "respiratory physician" is used (rather than pulmonologist) to distinguish a physician that practices pulmonology. Diagnosis[edit] The pulmonologist begins the diagnostic process with a general review focusing on: Physical diagnostics are as important as in the other fields of medicine. As many heart diseases can give pulmonary signs, a thorough cardiac investigation is usually included. Procedures[edit] Surgical procedures[edit] Treatment and therapeutics[edit]
List of terms of lung size and activity Following are terms that specify a type of lung size and/or activity. More specific definitions may be found in individual articles. Eupnea - normal breathingApnea - absence of breathingBradypnea - decreased breathing rateDyspnea or shortness of breath - sensation of respiratory distressHyperaeration/Hyperinflation - increased lung volumeHyperpnea - fast and deep breathingHyperventilation - increased breathing that causes CO2 lossHypopnea - slow and shallow breathingHypoventilation - decreased breathing that causes CO2 gainLabored breathing - physical presentation of respiratory distressTachypnea - increased breathing rateOrthopnea - Breathlessness in lying down position relieved by sitting up or standingPlatypnea - Breathlessness when seated or standing, relieved by lying flatTrepopnea - Breathlessness when lying flat relieved by lying in the left lateral positionPonopnea - Painful breathingControl of respiration