Dunning–Kruger effect Cognitive bias about one's own skill The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with limited competence in a particular domain overestimate their abilities. It was first described by Justin Kruger and David Dunning in 1999. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skills. In popular culture, the Dunning–Kruger effect is often misunderstood as a claim about general overconfidence of people with low intelligence instead of specific overconfidence of people unskilled at a particular task. Numerous similar studies have been done. There is disagreement about the causes of the Dunning–Kruger effect. There is also disagreement about where the effect applies and about how strong it is, as well as about its practical consequences. The Dunning–Kruger effect is defined as the tendency of people with low ability in a specific area to give overly positive assessments of this ability. David Dunning [edit]
10 Brilliant Social Psychology Studies Ten of the most influential social psychology experiments explain why we sometimes do dumb or irrational things. “I have been primarily interested in how and why ordinary people do unusual things, things that seem alien to their natures.Why do good people sometimes act evil?Why do smart people sometimes do dumb or irrational things?” –Philip Zimbardo Like famous social psychologist Professor Philip Zimbardo (author of The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil), I’m also obsessed with why we do dumb or irrational things. The answer quite often is because of other people — something social psychologists have comprehensively shown. Each of the 10 brilliant social psychology experiments below tells a unique, insightful story relevant to all our lives, every day. Click the link in each social psychology experiment to get the full description and explanation of each phenomenon. 1. The halo effect is a finding from a famous social psychology experiment. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
High Self-Perception, Low Brain Activity By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on January 7, 2010 Researchers have discovered the less you use your brain’s frontal lobes, the more you see yourself through rose-colored glasses. “In healthy people, the more you activate a portion of your frontal lobes, the more accurate your view of yourself is,” says Jennifer Beer, a University of Texas assistant professor of psychology. “And the more you view yourself as desirable or better than your peers, the less you use those lobes.” Those findings are being published in the February edition of the journal NeuroImage. The natural human tendency to see oneself in a positive light can be helpful and motivating in some situations but detrimental in others, Beer says. Her research, conducted at the university’s Imaging Research Center, gives new insight into the relationship among brain functions and human emotion and perceptions. Source: University of Texas at Austin APA Reference Nauert, R. (2010).
Why Intelligent People Use More Drugs The human consumption of psychoactive drugs , such as marijuana , cocaine , and heroin, is of even more recent historical origin than the human consumption of alcohol or tobacco, so the Hypothesis would predict that more intelligent people use more drugs more frequently than less intelligent individuals. The use of opium dates back to about 5,000 years ago, and the earliest reference to the pharmacological use of cannabis is in a book written in 2737 BC by the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung. Opium and cannabis are the only “natural” (agricultural) psychoactive drugs. Other psychoactive drugs are “chemical” (pharmacological); they require modern chemistry to manufacture, and are therefore of much more recent origin. Morphine was isolated from opium in 1806, cocaine was first manufactured in 1860, and heroin was discovered in 1874. The following graph shows a similar association between childhood intelligence and the latent factor for the consumption of psychoactive drugs among Americans.
Female Depression - ELLE Investigates Why Women are Unhappy in Life At long last, it's been scientifically, mathematically, and economically proven: Women are kinda bummed out. And not just since the unemployment rate started creeping toward 10 percent; we have been sinking into this funk for the past 35 years. According to a perplexing new study from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, women have experienced a steady erosion in happiness since the early 1970s, such that, while we used to test as happier than men, we are now notably less stoked than the hairier sex. The finding holds across many different polls and no matter how you slice the data—whether you are married, single, teenaged, elderly, rich or poor, American or European, a single mother or a child-free career gal—if you have two X chromosomes you are, statistically speaking, probably less happy than the dudes you know (who have become slightly more happy than they used to be, though still not as happy as women were in 1972).
Wake up to nap time Jill Murphy Long of Steamboat Springs, Colo., used to sneak naps. Her husband, she says, would occasionally find her asleep in the middle of the day. "He'd say, 'What are you doing? Are you sick?' The experience led Long, a former advertising executive turned yoga and ski instructor, to write a book for other tired women, called Permission to Nap. But these days, just about anyone who craves a midday snooze can find plenty of encouragement. •Greek adults who took regular naps were significantly less likely to die of heart disease than those who didn't in a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine in February. •Fast-living New Yorkers are paying $12 and up to nap at trendy sleep salons, the New York Times reported recently. •A psychologist who has spent her career studying naps is promoting a new book, Take a Nap: Change Your Life (Workman Publishing), which says napping is an underappreciated route to health and well-being. Share this story:
Psychiatric Drug Facts with Dr. Peter Breggin - HOME Grief Counseling After the Death of a Parent On January 24, my mother turned 79. Given her love of Catholicism, I sent her chocolates, a ceramic plaque that read peace be with you, and a card showing a photograph of two old nuns in traditional garb, laughing, with the words "Happy birthday! Here's to another year of bad habits!" Our telephone conversation that afternoon was brief, as my mother wasn't wearing her hearing aid, and I would be getting on a plane later in the week to visit her. She was excited and happy because, as she so often said, "I've been lonely for you." Months pass, but every day feels as if she died the day before. The rush of comforting friends keeping me fed and flowered and feeling loved eventually wanes, as it should. I venture downtown to my pal Joanna's for dinner. Joanna has a better idea. "Thanks, Jo," I say, handing it back. "Look," she says, "I met the founder and I think she can help you get writing again. "The fundamental difference in Moonview is that it's highly spiritual," Gerald says. "Dr.
Does Spiritual Awakening Have "Symptoms"? It does according to Karen Bishop: 1. Changing sleep patterns: restlessness, hot feet, waking up two or three times a night. Feeling tired after you wake up and sleepy off and on during the day. There is something called the Triad Sleep Pattern that occurs for many: you sleep for about 2-3 hours, wake up, go back to sleep for another couple of hours, wake again, and go back to sleep again. Advice: Get used to it. 2. Advice: This is nothing to be alarmed about. 3. Advice: Accept your feelings as they come up and let them go. 4. Advice: Same as #3. 5. Advice: Don't freak out, but just accept it as a symptom of where you are right now. 6. Advice: Don't deny what your body tells you it needs. 7. 8. 8a. Advice: Your vision is changing in many ways -- you are experiencing new ways of seeing. 8b. Advice: Surrender to it. 8c. 9. Advice: You may be sloughing off toxins and bringing emotions to the surface. 10. Advice: Roll with the nature of the energy. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Advice: Do it!
Can You Overcome the Ego? Wayne Dyer Thinks So... Here are seven suggestions to help you transcend ingrained ideas of self-importance. All of these are designed to help prevent you from falsely identifying with the self-important ego. 1. The behavior of others isn’t a reason to be immobilized. 2. Ego loves to divide us up into winners and losers. You’re not your winnings or your victories. 3. Ego is the source of a lot of conflict and dissension because it pushes you in the direction of making other people wrong. When you let go of the need to be right, you’re able to strengthen your connection to the power of intention. 4. True nobility isn’t about being better than someone else. 5. The mantra of ego is more. The universal Source is content with itself, constantly expanding and creating new life, never trying to hold on to its creations for its own selfish means. 6. This may be a difficult concept if you think you are your achievements. Your reputation is not located in you.