Petit recueil de 18 moisissures argumentatives pour concours de mauvaise foi Petit recueil de non plus 18, mais 20 moisissures argumentatives à utiliser sans modération lors des concours de mauvaise foi. Ont été intégrés les plurium et l’argument de l’exotisme. Nous avons découpé ces moisissures argumentatives en trois grandes catégories : les erreurs logiques, les attaques, et les travestissements. Télécharger en pdf la mise en page magnifique du graphiste Francois-b. 1. La généralisation abusive Méthode : prendre un échantillon trop petit et en tirer une conclusion générale. Exemples : Mon voisin est un imbécile moustachu, donc tous les moustachus sont des imbéciles.Les Chinois sont vachement sympas. Exemples aggravés (menant au racisme ordinaire) : Le Chinois est vachement sympa. 2. Méthode : raisonner à rebours, vers une cause possible parmi d’autres, vers un scénario préconçu ou vers la position que l’on souhaite prouver. Exemples : Exemple aggravé : 3. Méthode : tirer une conclusion ne suivant pas logiquement les prémisses. Si A est vraie, alors B est vraie. 4. 5.
Forer effect A related and more general phenomenon is that of subjective validation.[1] Subjective validation occurs when two unrelated or even random events are perceived to be related because a belief, expectation, or hypothesis demands a relationship. Thus people seek a correspondence between their perception of their personality and the contents of a horoscope. Forer's demonstration[edit] On average, the students rated its accuracy as 4.26 on a scale of 0 (very poor) to 5 (excellent). Only after the ratings were turned in was it revealed that each student had received an identical sketch assembled by Forer from a newsstand astrology book.[2] The sketch contains statements that are vague and general enough to most people. In another study examining the Forer effect, students took the MMPI personality assessment and researchers evaluated their responses. The Forer effect is also known as the "Barnum effect". Repeating the study[edit] Variables influencing the effect[edit] Recent research[edit]
People who think their opinions are superior to others are most prone to overestimating their relevant knowledge and ignoring chances to learn more By guest blogger Tom Stafford We all know someone who is convinced their opinion is better than everyone else’s on a topic – perhaps, even, that it is the only correct opinion to have. Maybe, on some topics, you are that person. No psychologist would be surprised that people who are convinced their beliefs are superior think they are better informed than others, but this fact leads to a follow on question: are people actually better informed on the topics for which they are convinced their opinion is superior? This is what Michael Hall and Kaitlin Raimi set out to check in a series of experiments in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. The researchers distinguish “belief superiority” from “belief confidence” (thinking your opinion is correct). As well as simple background knowledge, the researchers were also interested in how people with belief superiority sought out new information relevant to that belief. Overall the research presents a mixed picture. Like this:
Psychology Why Do We Dream? Horizon uncovers the secret world of our dreams. In a series of cutting-edge experiments and personal stories, we go in search of the science behind this most enduring mystery and ask: where do dreams Watch Now » David Lynch: Consciousness, Creativity and the Brain The inside story on transcending the brain, with David Lynch, Award-winning film director of Blue Velvet, Twin Peaks, Mullholland Drive, Inland Empire (filming); John Hagelin, Ph.D., Quantum physicist featured in “What the bleep do Stress: Portrain of a Killer The stress response saved our lives in the beginning. Married to the Eiffel Tower Married to the Eiffel Tower documentary finds out the world of three women who are objects fetishists and are both – sexually and emotionally attracted to various objects. Beautiful Minds: The Psychology of The Savant Secrets of Body Language Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
Revisiting why incompetents think they’re awesome In 1999 a pair of researchers published a paper called "Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments (PDF)." David Dunning and Justin Kruger (both at Cornell University's Department of Psychology at the time) conducted a series of four studies showing that, in certain cases, people who are very bad at something think they are actually pretty good. They showed that to assess your own expertise at something, you need to have a certain amount of expertise already. Remember the 2008 election campaign? In all of this, uninformed idiots blame the Greeks for being lazy, the Germans for being too strict, and everyone but themselves. It has been more than 10 years since Dunning and Kruger published their work. "The paper gave voice to an observation that people make about their peers, but that they don’t know how to express," Dunning said. This paper has become a cult classic.
Top 7 Psychological Defense Mechanisms Health In every human being, intrapsychic conflicts are bound to occur, usually because of sexual and aggressive impulses and tension. Usually, (or maybe hopefully), these conflicts are resolved by themselves in a short amount of time; however sometimes this is not the case. Every now and then, our internal conflicts can last for long periods of times, and can potentially cause us great harm. Oftentimes anxiety can wear and tear at us, and should not be underestimated. Fortunately, our body has defense mechanisms to defend us from unpleasant emotions and feelings, such as anxiety. 1. Rationalization is something that every human being does, probably on a daily basis. 2. Identification is defined as “Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group.” 3. Displacement is defined as “Diverting emotional feelings (usually anger) from their original source to a substitute target.” 4. 5. 6. 7. Sources: Weiten, Wayne. Contributor: GeorgeT
Perché gli stupidi si credono intelligenti? – RicPuglisi Vi è mai capitato di incontrare dei perfetti idioti che si credono dei portenti di intelligenza? Sicuramente sì. Potrebbe esservi anche capitato di essere sicuri di avere capito tutto su un certo tema, ma -con il senno di poi- realizzare di esservi illusi di capire, quando in realtà avevate capito poco o niente. Si tratta di un tema molto generale: noi esseri umani siamo capaci di essere obiettivi su noi stessi e sulla nostra intelligenza? La risposta giusta è: no. In particolare, quanto più qualcuno è incompetente su un certo tema o in una certa attività, tanto più crede di essere più bravo di quel che è. L’effetto per cui se sei stupido e/o scarso su un certo tema non sai neanche di esserlo si chiama “effetto Dunning/Kruger”, dal nome dei due psicologi che ne hanno dimostrato la presenza attraverso una serie di esperimenti. Si tratta in buona sostanza di una “stupidità al quadrato”, in quanto sei stupido e lo sei talmente tanto da non capire di esserlo. La prova di ciò? Mi piace:
Top 10 Bizarre Mental Disorders Health Mental disorders effect millions of people in the world and can lead to years of psychotherapy. In some cases, the psychological problem suffered is extremely rare or bizarre. Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in an abducted hostage, in which the hostage shows signs of sympathy, loyalty or even voluntary compliance with the hostage taker, regardless of the risk in which the hostage has been placed. The syndrome is named after a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden, in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28 in 1973. A famous example of Stockholm syndrome is the story of Patty Hearst, a millionaire’s daughter who was kidnapped in 1974, seemed to develop sympathy with her captors, and later took part in a robbery they were orchestrating. The exact opposite of Stockholm syndrome – this is where the hostage takers become more sympathetic to the plights and needs of the hostages. One case report said the following: Mrs.
10 distorsions cognitives qui entretiennent des émotions négatives Le terme distorsion cognitive a été introduit en 1967 par le psychiatre américain Aaron T. Beck, pionnier de la psychothérapie cognitivo-comportementale. Selon son modèle, les distorsions cognitives sont des façons de traiter l'information qui résultent en erreurs de pensée prévisibles ayant souvent pour conséquence d'entretenir des pensées et des émotions négatives. Elles contribuent ainsi aux troubles émotionnels tels que la dépression et l'anxiété ainsi qu'aux troubles de la personnalité. Dans son travail avec des personnes atteintes de dépression, Beck a identifié six erreurs systématiques de pensée : La pensée « tout ou rien » ou « noir ou blanc » Penser de façon dichotomique (polarisée) sans nuance : tout ou rien, noir ou blanc, jamais ou toujours, bon ou mauvais…. Par la suite (1980), le psychologue David Burns a identifié quatre autres distorsions : Le raisonnement émotionnel Prendre pour acquis que des états émotifs correspondent à la réalité. Psychomédia Tous droits réservés.
The Reality of Repressed Memories In 1990, a landmark case went to trial in Redwood City, California. The defendant, George Franklin, Sr., 51 years old, stood trial for a murder that had occurred more than 20 years earlier. The victim, 8-year-old (Susan Kay Nason, was murdered on September 22, 1969). Eileen's memory did not come back all at once. Eileen's memory report was believed by her therapist, by several members of her family, and by the San Mateo County district attorney's office, which chose to prosecute her father. Eileen's detailed and confident memory impressed a number of people. On the other hand, the clinical anecdotes and the loose theory used to explain them remain unconvincing to some psychotherapists and to many laboratory researchers. Even if Holmes (1990) was right that there is virtually no scientific evidence to demonstrate the authenticity of repressed memories that return, Eileen's memory could still be authentic. More Repressed Memories Popular Articles Letters Legal Cases Popular Writings