The Limits to Growth Five variables were examined in the original model. These variables are: world population, industrialization, pollution, food production and resource depletion. The authors intended to explore the possibility of a sustainable feedback pattern that would be achieved by altering growth trends among the five variables under three scenarios. They noted that their projections for the values of the variables in each scenario were predictions "only in the most limited sense of the word," and were only indications of the system's behavioral tendencies.[4] Two of the scenarios saw "overshoot and collapse" of the global system by the mid to latter part of the 21st century, while a third scenario resulted in a "stabilized world."[5] The most recent updated version was published on June 1, 2004 by Chelsea Green Publishing Company and Earthscan under the name Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update. Purpose[edit] Exponential reserve index[edit] , but the rate of chromium consumption was growing at where:
Crying A toddler crying Crying (also called sobbing, weeping, wailing, whimpering, bawling, or blubbering[1]) is the shedding of tears in response to an emotional state in humans. The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secretomotor phenomenon characterized by the shedding of tears from the lacrimal apparatus, without any irritation of the ocular structures".[2] A related medical term is lacrimation, which also refers to non-emotional shedding of tears. A neuronal connection between the lacrimal gland (tear duct) and the areas of the human brain involved with emotion has been established. Tears produced during emotional crying have a chemical composition which differs from other types of tears. Function[edit] A young woman weeps during the deportation of Jews of Ioannina on March 25, 1944 The question of the function or origin of emotional tears remains open. William H. Emotional tears have also been put into an evolutionary context. Biological response[edit] Frequency of crying[edit] T.
Academic Earth | Online Courses | Academic Video Lectures Freegan The Markets are Mad: Is High-Frequency Trading Making Things Worse? (liquidlibrary) Thursday’s 423-point gain by the Dow marked the first time ever that the industrial average has posted four consecutive days of 400-point moves. Less than two weeks into August, there have already been six trading days that saw triple-digit swings this month. While the recent sell-off has been swift (the Dow is off more than 12% since July 21), it’s also been choppy. Volatility is back in a big way. While your average investor generally hates volatility, there are those who feed off it, namely high-frequency traders. Now, it’s not quite fair to lump all high-frequency traders together. Ever since last year’s Flash Crash, there’s been a debate brewing over the utility of high-frequency trading. A pair of recent academic papers have taken a long look at the pros and cons of high-frequency trading, and together paint a not-so-nice picture. This study investigates the effect of high trading volume on observed stock volatility.
Minimum wage A minimum wage is the lowest hourly, daily or monthly remuneration that employers may legally pay to workers. Equivalently, it is the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labor. Although minimum wage laws are in effect in many jurisdictions, differences of opinion exist about the benefits and drawbacks of a minimum wage. Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, boosts morale and forces businesses to be more efficient.[1] In contrast, opponents of the minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment (particularly among low productivity workers) and is damaging to businesses.[2][3][4] History[edit] The movement for a minimum wage was initially targeted at stopping sweatshop labor. Minimum wage law[edit] Hourly minimum wages in select developed economies in 2011. Informal minimum wages[edit] Sometimes a minimum wage exists without a law. Setting minimum wage[edit] Neoclassical economics model[edit]
30 Financial Moves Before 30– Ideas Worth Trying January 13, 2011, 6:00 amby:MD Category:Miscellaneous I started reading the Art of Non-Conformity the other day and the idea of the life list/bucket list got me thinking again. I started thinking about my bucket list for what I want to accomplish before I turn 30 (in 7 years). Then I started to get more specific. Since every financial bucket list is unique to your own situation, I decided to outline 30 financial moves that might be of interest to your unique financial situation before you turn 30. 1. Keep a buffer in a savings account because you never know when a rainy day will hit you out of nowhere. 2. You can debate good debt vs bad debt, but at the end of the day you should try to kill off your credit card debt before you turn 30. 3. The sooner you start planning for your retirement, the sooner you have compound interest working on your side. 4. You may not try to do this deliberately but it’s bound to happen. 5. When you make a major mistake with your money, learn from it. 6. 7. 8.
Les neuf vies du secret bancaire helvétique, par Sébastien Guex Au début de 2009, sous l’impulsion des principaux pays membres de l’Union européenne et des Etats-Unis, l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) s’est décidée à faire un pas, après avoir longtemps résisté. Elle a menacé d’inscrire la Suisse sur une liste de paradis fiscaux — ce qui aurait impliqué de lourdes sanctions à son égard — si Berne ne révisait pas rapidement au moins douze conventions dites « de double imposition » (CDI) en souscrivant au principe d’entraide internationale en cas non seulement de fraude, mais aussi d’évasion fiscale. La législation helvétique opère en effet une distinction entre la fraude fiscale — c’est-à-dire la soustraction à l’impôt grâce à la falsification de documents, considérée comme un délit pénal — et l’évasion fiscale, passible de simples poursuites administratives, et donc n’autorisant pas la levée du secret bancaire. En parallèle de l’action de l’OCDE s’est développée celle des Etats-Unis. Vous êtes abonné(e) ?
Real bills doctrine The real bills doctrine asserts that money should be issued in exchange for short-term real bills of adequate value. It is best known as "the decried doctrine of the old Bank Directors of 1810: that so long as a bank issues its notes only in the discount of good bills, at not more than sixty days' date, it cannot go wrong in issuing as many as the public will receive from it.'"(Fullarton, 1845, p. 207)[1] This theory is in opposition to the quantity theory of money which states that money supply has a direct, positive relationship with the price level. History[edit] The real bills doctrine was the cornerstone of the US Federal Reserve Act of 1913—which established the Federal Reserve System with the power to discount high-quality self-liquidating commercial paper; however it did not become a major policy tool of the Federal Reserve until after Benjamin Strong, governor of the New York Federal Reserve Bank died in October 1928. Example[edit] Convertibility[edit] Physical convertibility
7 Lessons From 7 Great Minds Have you ever wished you could go back in time and have a conversation with one of the greatest minds in history? Well, you can’t sorry, they’re dead. Unless of course you’re clairaudient, be my guest. But for the rest of us, we can still refer to the words they left behind. Even though these great teachers have passed on, their words still live, and in them their wisdom. 1. “If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end up someplace else.” - Lawrence J. In order for us to achieve our dreams, we must have a vision of our goals. Action: Visualize a life of your wildest dreams. 2. “It was a high counsel that I once heard given to a young person, “Always do what you are afraid to do.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson The best way to learn something is to dive right in to it. Action: You must define your fears in order to conquer them. 3. “All that we are is the result of what we have thought. Our thoughts determine our reality. Action: Create a list of your intentions and desires. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Why Adult Adoption is Key to the Success of Japanese Family Firms (iStockphoto) What happens when the heir to a family business isn’t up to the job? Not great things, apparently. But the Japanese have a solution: adult adoption. Rather than hand the firm to a less-than-worthy blood heir, Japanese families often adopt an adult to take over. This tradition is the subject of Vikas Mehrotra‘s paper “Adoptive Expectations: Rising Sons in Japanese Family Firms,” which is featured in our latest podcast and hour-long Freakonomics Radio special “The Church of Scionology.” America and Japan have the highest rates of adoption in the world – with one big difference. Mehrotra explains that adopting a scion is similar to a hostile takeover. Tokugawa Ieyasu, first shogun of the Tokugawa period. The roots of Japanese adult adoption trace back to merchants of the Tokugawa era (1603-1867). Unlike China or India, where preference for baby boys is extreme to the point of gendercide, the Japanese have an adage that rejoices in the birth of a girl:
40 Belief-Shaking Remarks From a Ruthless Nonconformist | Raptitude.com If there’s one thing Friedrich Nietzsche did well, it’s obliterate feel-good beliefs people have about themselves. He has been criticized for being a misanthrope, a subvert, a cynic and a pessimist, but I think these assessments are off the mark. I believe he only wanted human beings to be more honest with themselves. He did have a remarkable gift for aphorism — he once declared, “It is my ambition to say in ten sentences what others say in a whole book.” Even today his words remain controversial. Here are 40 unsympathetic statements from the man himself. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. More of Nietzsche’s genius here. Have a lot on your mind? Everyday mindfulness has transformed my life, and the lives of many others.