The Holocaust The Holocaust (from the Greek ὁλόκαυστος holókaustos: hólos, "whole" and kaustós, "burnt")[2] also known as Shoah (Hebrew: השואה, HaShoah, "the catastrophe"; Yiddish: חורבן, Churben or Hurban, from the Hebrew for "destruction"), was the mass murder or genocide of approximately six million Jews during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, throughout the German Reich and German-occupied territories.[3] Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed.[4] Over one million Jewish children were killed in the Holocaust, as were approximately two million Jewish women and three million Jewish men.[5] A network of over 40,000 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territory were used to concentrate, hold, and kill Jews and other victims.[6] The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Etymology and use of the term Distinctive features Origins
Američtí Indiáni, počty amerických indiánů, idiánské rezervace, kolonizace a současnost Obětí největší genocidy lidské historie byli američtí indiáni. Během kolonizace bylo Evropany různých národností přímo či nepřímo zabito nebo zavražděno okolo 60 000 000 domorodého obyvatelstva Ameriky. Určitými metodami genocida pokračuje dodnes. Indiáni Jižní a Střední Ameriky: Kuba, Hispaniola, Jamajka – Velké Antily měly v roce 1492, kdy připlul Kryštof Kolumbus, kolem 1,5 milionu domorodců. Někteří se zorganizovali k boji, ale dříve či později je potkal stejný osud. Portugalci byla objevena v roce 1500 Brazílie – čítala asi 3 000 000 indiánů. V relativně krátké době se však ukázala být velmi bezmocnou, takže své poslání vůbec neplnila. Pokud jde o indiánskou populaci v Mexiku – dle odborných prací školy v Berkeley, žilo v Mexiku v roce 1519 v době příchodu Cortéze 12 000 000 indiánů. Obyvatelstvo Střední a Jižní Ameriky, odhadované na 70 milionů před příchodem Španělů doktorem Rivetem a školou v Berkeley, pokleslo cca na 20 milionů. Indiáni Severní Ameriky: Videa z rezervací:
German Propaganda Archive (Guide Page) Nazi and East German Propaganda Guide Page Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The German Propaganda Archive includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists. My book titled Bending Spines: The Propagandas of Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic (Michigan State University Press, 2004) provides an analysis of much of the material on the German Propaganda Archive. This site is maintained by: Randall Bytwerk [My e-mail address is available on the FAQ page.] Professor Emeritus Calvin College Page design by Rob Veenstra
Genocida Oběti genocidy ve Rwandě Genocida (latinsky genocidium) je zločin proti lidskosti definovaný mezinárodním trestním právem jako „úmyslné a systematické zničení, celé nebo části, etnické, rasové, náboženské nebo národnostní skupiny“[1] ačkoliv co znamená „část“ je subjektem debaty právníků.[2] Etymologie[editovat | editovat zdroj] Pojem „genocida“ vymyslel Raphael Lemkin, právník polsko-židovského původu v roce 1944, z řeckého kořenu slova génos (γένος) (narození, rasa, rod); a latinské přípony -cidium (zabít) skrze francouzské -cide.[3][4] V roce 1933 Lemkin navrhl „zločin barbarství“ právní radě Společnosti národů v Madridu. V roce 1944 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publikoval Lemkinovu nejdůležitější práci pod názvem Axis Rule in Occupied Europe ve Spojených státech amerických. V roce 1943 Lemkin napsal: Genocida jako zločin[editovat | editovat zdroj] Mezinárodní právo[editovat | editovat zdroj] České právo[editovat | editovat zdroj] Genocidy[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Nazism Nazism, or National Socialism in full (German: Nationalsozialismus), is the ideology and practice associated with the 20th-century German Nazi Party and state as well as other related far-right groups. Usually characterised as a form of fascism that incorporates scientific racism and antisemitism, Nazism originally developed from the influences of pan-Germanism, the Völkisch German nationalist movement and the anti-communist Freikorps paramilitary culture in post-First World War Germany, which many Germans felt had been left humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles. German Nazism subscribed to theories of racial hierarchy and social Darwinism, asserted the superiority of an Aryan master race, and criticised both capitalism and communism for being associated with Jewish materialism. The Nazi Party was founded as the pan-German nationalist and antisemitic German Workers' Party in January 1919. Etymology Position in the political spectrum Origins Völkisch nationalism
Genocida, o které se nemluví - Czech Free Press Podrobnosti Speciály CFP! / Zóna kultura | 22. leden 2010 | Avatar, filmový 3D trhák Jamese Camerona, je jak hluboce hloupý, tak i hluboký. Je hluboký, protože stejně jako všechny ostatní filmy o vetřelcích, je metaforou kontaktu mezi různými lidskými kulturami. To je ale příběh, který nikdo slyšet nechce, protože ohrožuje způsob, jakým jsme si navykli nahlížet sebe sama. Americký historik David Stannard ve své knize American Holocaust zdokumentoval největší akty genocidy, které svět kdy zažil. Když Španělé dorazili do Amerik, jen sotva mohli narazit na svět odlišnější od toho, který znali. Tu řezničinu začal už Kolumbus. Konkvistadoři šířili svou civilizační misii napříč Střední a Jižní Amerikou. V Kalifornii v 18. století dali Španělé tomuto vyhlazování systém. Zatímco Španěly poháněla kupředu hlavně vidina zlata, Britové, kteří kolonizovali sever Ameriky, chtěli půdu. A masakry nekončí dodnes. Proto pravice nesnáší Avatar. Pravice alespoň ví, kvůli čemu film napadá.
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (German: [ˈadɔlf ˈhɪtlɐ]; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer (leader) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As effective dictator of Nazi Germany, Hitler was at the centre of World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust. Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. Hitler actively sought Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people. Under Hitler's leadership and racially motivated ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of at least 5.5 million Jews and millions of other victims whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen ("sub-humans") and socially undesirable. Early years Ancestry Hitler's father, Alois Hitler, Sr. (1837–1903), was the illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. Childhood and education World War I
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born on 20th April, 1889, in the small Austrian town of Braunau near the German border. Both Hitler's parents had come from poor peasant families. His father Alois Hitler, the illegitimate son of a housemaid, was an intelligent and ambitious man and was at the time of Hitler's birth, a senior customs official in Lower Austria. Alois had been married before. Klara Polzl, Hitler's mother, left home at sixteen to to join the household of her second cousin, Alois Hitler. Franziska saw Klara as a potential rival and insisted that she left the household. The first of the children of Alois's third marriage, Gustav, was born in May 1885, to be followed in September the following year by a second child, Ida, and another son, Otto, who died only days after his birth. In 1895, when Hitler was six years old, his father, Alois Hitler retired from government service. Alois was an authoritarian, overbearing, domineering husband and a stern, distant, aggressive and violent father. Dr.
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, a charismatic, Austrian-born demagogue, rose to power in Germany during the 1920s and early 1930s at a time of social, political, and economic upheaval. Failing to take power by force in 1923, he eventually won power by democratic means. Once in power, he eliminated all opposition and launched an ambitious program of world domination and elimination of the Jews, paralleling ideas he advanced in his book, Mein Kampf. His "1,000 Year Reich" barely lasted 12 years and he died a broken and defeated man. 1. Facts about Hitler's life and the historical events which occurred during that time. 2. 3. 4. Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, the fourth child of Alois Schickelgruber and Klara Hitler in the Austrian town of Braunau. When Adolf was three years old, the family moved to Passau, along the Inn River on the German side of the border. Following another family move, Adolf lived for six months across from a large Benedictine monastery. - "My Struggle" in German. 1. swastika
Introduction to the Holocaust The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST? Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger to Germany, were the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included some 200,000 Roma (Gypsies). Further Reading
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2006 novel from the point of view of a young boy, written by Irish novelist John Boyne. Unlike the months of planning Boyne devoted to his other books, he said that he wrote the entire first draft of The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas in two and a half days, barely sleeping until he got to the end.[1] As of March 2010, the novel had sold more than five million copies around the world.[2] It was published as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas in the United States to go along with the traditional American spelling of the word. In both 2007 and 2008, it was the best selling book of the year in Spain. Plot[edit] Bruno is a 9 year old boy growing up during World War II in Berlin, Germany.[3] He lives in a huge house with his loving parents, his twelve-year-old sister Gretel (whom he refers to as a Hopeless Case), and maidservants. Bruno finds out he is not allowed to explore the back of the house or its surroundings. Criticism[edit] References[edit]