Robert the Bruce - Wars of Independence The Bruce was born on 11 July 1274, probably in Turnberry Castle. He was descended from Scots, Gaelic and English nobility. His mother, Countess Marjorie of Carrick, was heir to a Gaelic earldom. Robert’s grandfather, Robert Bruce ‘The Competitor’, was one of the claimants to the Scots throne. Bruce’s father, Robert de Brus of Annandale, fought in Wales for Edward I, was made governor of Carlisle Castle and fought on Edward’s side at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296. In 1298 Robert the Bruce became a guardian of Scotland alongside his great rival John ‘Red’ Comyn of Badenoch, and William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews. Robert the Bruce’s father died in 1304. To Edward I the usurper King Robert was an uprising to be crushed. Bruce began a guerrilla war and struck at his enemies. Bruce attacked his Scots enemies – destroying Comyn strongholds along the Great Glen and harrowing Buchan and the north east. One by one Scotland’s castles fell to Bruce and his supporters.
Botham's Kids Corner This site has been produced in conjunction with Alan Snow to whom we are deeply indebted! Although Alan is a very modest gentleman and would never mention it... he is a very talented author and animator; recently winning the "New York, Best Illustrated Children's Book award". Although freelance, he works extensively with Aardman Animations, the creators of Wallace & Gromit! Look out for his hilarious computer game for sale through Virgin called "P.A.W.S." and his latest game from B.M.G. called "Duck City!" The images for "From Seed to Sandwich" were created by Roderick Murray. A wonderfully talented artist with a great eye for comic characters. by clicking on this.... Garden-Based Learning Program, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University Resources Our publications and other resources Most of these publications are available in .pdf format, or will be soon. For how-to gardening information, see Cornell Gardening Resources. Why Garden in New York State Schools? Sowing the Seeds of Success - This 28-page booklet details the organizational steps needed to initiate a gardening project that involves kids and the community, and to ensure program success over the long term. Garden in the City (1991) Not limited to those living in the city. The Appealing Apple (2000) Do you know a mythological story about a golden apple? The Great American Peanut (1994) Education and entertainment are integrated with history. The Humble Potato: Underground Gold (1995) Through entertaining stories and hands-on activities, children will learn about potatoes--how to grow them and how they stack up nutritionally from the perspectives of science and socioculture. The Heirloom Vegetable Garden (1981) History and horticulture under one cover!
Royal Styles and Titles in England and Great Britain Contents See also: England (to 1707) William II (1087) was the first to introduce the consistent use of the style N Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum. His successors would add other titles over time: Henry I added dux Normannorum (duke of Normandy) in 1121, Henry II added dux Aquitanorum et comes Andegavorum (duke of Aquitaine and count of Anjou) in 1154 (see the seal of Richard I with the legend "Ricardus Dei gratia rex anglorum" on the obverse and "Richardus dux Normannorum et Aquitanorum comes Andegavorum" on the reverse). Lord/King of Ireland In 1199, John added dominus Hiberniae (lord of Ireland, a title he held since 1177, perhaps by virtue of a bull of Pope Hadrian II of 1155 giving Henry II permission to subdue Ireland so that "illius terrae populas te recipiat et sicut dominum veneretur"). By Irish statute of 1542, Henry VIII became king of Ireland. The French possessions England was conquered by a duke of Normandy in 1066. King of France (1340-1800) gold salut of Henry VI, struck in Rouen.
Helping Children Around the World to Read and Learn In-Touch Science Herodium-King Herod-s Palace-Fortress Some 12 km. south of Jerusalem, on a hill shaped like a truncated cone that rises 758 m. above sea level, stood Herodium, the palace-fortress built by King Herod. It had a breathtaking view, overlooking the Judean Desert and the mountains of Moab to the east, and the Judean Hills to the west. Herodium is described in great detail by the 1st century Jewish historian Josephus Flavius: This fortress, which is some sixty stadia distant from Jerusalem, is naturally strong and very suitable for such a structure, for reasonably nearby is a hill, raised to a (greater) height by the hand of man and rounded off in the shape of a breast. At intervals it has round towers, and it has a steep ascent formed of two hundred steps of hewn stone. According to Josephus, Herodium was built on the spot where Herod won a victory over his Hasmonean and Parthian enemies in 40 BCE. The Palace-Fortress
Primary Teaching Services | Primary Teaching Services Educating for a Sustainable Future - A National Environmental Education Statement for Australian Schools Educating for a Sustainable Future – A National Environmental Education Statement for Australian Schools provides a nationally agreed description of the nature and purpose of environmental education for sustainability through all years of schooling, including a vision and a framework for its implementation. It is intended for teachers, schools and their communities, education systems and developers of curriculum materials. It is also intended as a companion to existing State and Territory polices and programmes and does not replace them. The Statement has been developed collaboratively over a period of approximately twelve months and is based upon significant input from government and non-government organisations. The distribution of Educating for Sustainable Future to all Australian schools in November 2005 coincides with the first year of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD) 2005-2014.
Interlinear Translations of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales These translations of the Canterbury Tales are for those beginning their study of Chaucer's language. They supply merely a pony and by no means can they serve as a substitute for the original, nor even for a good translation. Often the syntax of the interlinear translation will be awkward in Modern English, since the aim is to supply a somewhat literal translation to make clear the meaning of the Middle English words. For the same reason there is no attempt to reproduce in Modern English the spirit and tone of the original (even if that were possible). The translation is more often "word for word" than "sense for sense." You may find that some of the lines remain obscure even in translation, since more explanation may be needed than a bare translation can supply. These translations should be used for a first reading; go carefully through the text, concentrating on the Middle English and checking your reading against the translation.
Astronauts Radio Genealogy: House of King Arthur The main sources here come from a number of 13th century romances of the Vulgate Cycle and the Post-Vulgate Cycle. Note that this is the revised (expanded) version of the previous tree of the Vulgate. It's almost identical to the next family tree, which used Sir Thomas Malory's work, called Le Morte d'Arthur, 1469. The difference is mainly in the spelling of Arthur's nephews and the number of his sisters. Speaking of daughters of Igraine (Ygraine), there are some confusion over their number, particularly in the Vulgate Merlin (c. 1240), where it contradict itself. In chapter 4, Micha text only mentioned Arthur having two half-sisters, the youngest being Morgan, while the eldest wasn't named, but traditionally the wife of King Lot was known as Morgause or Morgawse. Another confusion appeared because Morgan appeared as the wife of Urien and mother of Yvain, in the Post-Vulgate Suite du Merlin (Merlin Continuation).
mapping the nuke blast Declaration of Independence: First Newport printing by Solomon Southwick, July 4, 1776 | exhibits.hsp.org In CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.1 1Technically, the Declaration was neither written nor signed on July 4. The Congress decided on independence on July 2, and the document was signed sporadically throughout the month. 2This is the first time "The United States of America" had been publically used. WHEN in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People3 to dissolve the Political Bands4 4Americans wanted to describe themselves as an independent people with only legislative ties to Britain, which could be rightfully severed. which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the Earth,5 5This refers to other sovereign states the founders hoped to make alliances with. the separate and equal Station, to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the Separation. 6The Stamp Act of 1765 and other British impositions. ATTEST.