Dictionnaire de littérature à l'usage des snobs : Et surtout de George Eliot She used a male pen name, she said, to ensure her works would be taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names during Eliot's life, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women only writing lighthearted romances. An additional factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.[1] Her 1872 work Middlemarch has been described by Martin Amis[2] and Julian Barnes[3] as the greatest novel in the English language. Life[edit] Early life and education[edit] Mary Ann Evans was the third child of Robert Evans (1773–1849) and Christiana Evans (née Pearson) (1788–1836), the daughter of a local farmer. The young Evans was obviously intelligent and a voracious reader. Move to Coventry[edit] Move to London and editorship of the Westminster Review[edit] Relationship with George Lewes[edit]
Walter Pater Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English essayist, literary and art critic, and fiction writer, regarded as one of the great stylists. His works on Renaissance subjects were popular but controversial, reflecting his lost belief in Christianity. Early life[edit] Born in Stepney in London's East End, Walter Pater was the second son of Richard Glode Pater, a physician who had moved to London in the early 19th century to practice medicine among the poor. Dr Pater died while Walter was an infant and the family moved to Enfield, London. Walter attended Enfield Grammar School and was individually tutored by the headmaster. In 1853, he was sent to The King's School, Canterbury, where the beauty of the cathedral made an impression that would remain with him all his life. As an undergraduate, Pater was a "reading man", with literary and philosophical interests beyond the prescribed texts. Career and writings[edit] The Renaissance[edit] Influence[edit] Critical method[edit]
Fritz Zorn Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Fritz Zorn est le nom de plume de Fritz Angst, né le à Meilen dans le canton de Zurich et mort le à Zurich, un écrivain suisse de langue allemande. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Fils d’une famille patricienne très austère, il a passé son enfance et jeunesse sur la « Rive dorée » de Zurich. Son vrai nom de famille, Angst, signifie en français « peur », « angoisse », et son pseudonyme « colère ». Œuvre[modifier | modifier le code] En français Gallimard (ISBN 2070287459) et (ISBN 9782070373680) En allemand Fischer Taschenbuch (ISBN 3-596-22202-8) Notes[modifier | modifier le code] ↑ strictement parlant, sa maladie était un lymphome malin, sans doute une maladie de Hodgkin, forme de cancer envahissant les ganglions lymphatiques
Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (/ˈtoʊlstɔɪ, ˈtɒl-/;[1] Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, pronounced [lʲɛf nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj]; 9 September [O.S. 28 August] 1828 – 20 November [O.S. 7 November] 1910), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian novelist today regarded as one of the greatest of all time. In the 1870s Tolstoy experienced a profound moral crisis, followed by what he regarded as an equally profound spiritual awakening. His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. His new-found asceticism and determination to renounce his considerable wealth tipped his marriage into bitter turmoil, which continued right up to his death at the age of 82 in the waiting room of an, until then, obscure Russian railway station. Life and career Death Tolstoy's grave with flowers at Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy died in 1910, at the age of 82. Personal life In films
Marius the Epicurean (1885) - Valancourt Books Marius the Epicurean (1885)Walter Pater, Edited by Gerald Monsman"The great English prose work has been written and perfectly written and you and I would do well to lay down our pens. . . . I believe that the worst page of prose Pater wrote is better than the best that anybody else ever wrote." - George MooreSet in the second century A.D. against the backdrop of a Roman Empire on the verge of decline, Marius the Epicurean is the story of the philosophical and spiritual development of Marius, a young Italian serving as amanuensis to the great emperor Marcus Aurelius. Marius explores the various systems of philosophy in search of an elusive vision of love, moving from Epicureanism to Cyrenaicism and finally Stoicism before finally finding what he had sought in the terrible beauty of Christian martyrdom.Marius the Epicurean is the rare novel that is as significant for its style as for its plot.
Emil Cioran Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. E. M. Cioran Philosophe occidental Époque contemporaine Emil Cioran (prononcé /tʃjo.ʁan/), né le à Rășinari en Roumanie, mort le à Paris, est un philosophe et écrivain roumain, d'expression roumaine initialement, puis française à partir de 1949 (Précis de décomposition). Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Jeunesse et période roumaine[modifier | modifier le code] Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : Emil Cioran, sur Wikimedia Commons Cioran naît d'un père prêtre orthodoxe et d'une mère athée. La maison natale d'Émil Cioran à Rășinari, en Roumanie. Il a sept ans lorsque la Transylvanie rejoint la Roumanie. À 22 ans, il publie Sur les cimes du désespoir, son premier ouvrage, avec lequel il s'inscrit, malgré son jeune âge, au panthéon des grands écrivains roumains. Emil Cioran en Roumanie Période française[modifier | modifier le code] 21 rue de l'Odéon (point rouge) de la Coasta Boacii à la rue de l'Odéon La pensée de Cioran[modifier | modifier le code]
Jean Webster Childhood[edit] Alice Jane Chandler Webster was born in Fredonia, New York. She was the eldest child of Annie Moffet Webster and Charles Luther Webster. She lived her early childhood in a strongly matriarchal and activist setting, with her great-grandmother, grandmother and mother all living under the same roof. Her great-grandmother worked on temperance issues and her grandmother on racial equality and women's suffrage.[1] Alice's mother was niece to Mark Twain, and her father was Twain's business manager and subsequently publisher of many of his books by Charles L. Alice attended the Fredonia Normal School and graduated in 1894 in china painting. College years[edit] Webster spent a semester in her junior year in Europe, visiting France and the United Kingdom, but with Italy as her main destination, including visits to Rome, Naples, Venice and Florence. Adult years[edit] Death[edit] Jean Webster entered the Sloan Hospital for Women, New York on the afternoon of June 10, 1916. Themes[edit]
Marius the Epicurean Marius the Epicurean: his sensations and ideas is a historical and philosophical novel by Walter Pater (his only completed full-length fiction), written between 1881 and 1884, published in 1885 and set in 161–177 AD, in the Rome of the Antonines. It explores the intellectual development of its protagonist, a young Roman of integrity, in his pursuit of a congenial religion or philosophy at a time of change and uncertainty that Pater likened to his own era.[1] The narration is third-person, slanted from Marius's point of view, added to which are various interpolated discourses, ranging from adaptations of classical and early Christian writings to Marius’s diary and authorial comment. Plot summary[edit] Cupid and Psyche by François-Edouard Picot (1817). Themes[edit] Marcus Aurelius and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice at the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, in gratitude for success against Germanic tribes - an episode described in Marius Publishing history[edit] Trilogy[edit]
Nathalie Sarraute Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Nathalie Sarraute Nathalie Sarraute en 1983 Œuvres principales Nathalie Sarraute, Natalia (Natacha) devenue Natalie Tcherniak née à Ivanovo-Voznessenak, en Russie, le , et décédée à Paris le , est une écrivaine française d'origine russe. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] En 1940, Nathalie Sarraute est radiée du barreau à la suite des lois anti-juives et décide de se consacrer alors à la littérature. En 1947, Jean-Paul Sartre écrit la préface de Portrait d'un inconnu, qui sera publié un an après par Robert Marin. En 1960, elle compte au nombre des signataires du Manifeste des 121. En 1964, elle reçoit le Prix international de littérature pour son roman Les Fruits d'Or. Parallèlement à son œuvre romanesque, elle commence à écrire pour le théâtre, à l'invitation d'une radio allemande. Nathalie Sarraute décède à Paris le alors qu'elle travaille à une septième pièce et est inhumée à Chérence, dans le Val-d'Oise.
Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft (/ˈwʊlstən.krɑːft/; 27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797) was an eighteenth-century English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children's book. Wollstonecraft is best known for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), in which she argues that women are not naturally inferior to men, but appear to be only because they lack education. Until the late 20th century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional personal relationships, received more attention than her writing. After Wollstonecraft's death, her widower published a Memoir (1798) of her life, revealing her unorthodox lifestyle, which inadvertently destroyed her reputation for almost a century. Biography Early life Wollstonecraft was born on 27 April 1759 in Spitalfields, London. Two friendships shaped Wollstonecraft's early life.