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Marie Curie

Marie Curie
Polish-French physicist and chemist (1867–1934) Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska kʲiˈri] ; née Skłodowska; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known simply as Marie Curie ( KURE-ee,[4] French: [maʁi kyʁi]), was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames,[8][9] never lost her sense of Polish identity. Life and career Early years Life in Paris Their mutual passion for science brought them increasingly closer, and they began to develop feelings for one another.[14][27] Eventually, Pierre proposed marriage, but at first Skłodowska did not accept as she was still planning to go back to her native country. New elements She used an innovative technique to investigate samples. Related:  Scientists & explorersSTEAM

Hedy Lamarr During her film career, Lamarr co-invented the technology for spread spectrum and frequency hopping communications with composer George Antheil.[3] This new technology became important to America's military during World War II because it was used in controlling torpedoes. Those inventions have more recently been incorporated into Wi-Fi, CDMA and Bluetooth technology,[4][5][6] and led to her being inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014.[3][7] §Early life[edit] Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler in 1914 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, the only child of Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (née Lichtwitz; 3 February 1894 – 27 February 1977) and Emil Kiesler (27 December 1880 – 14 February 1935). §Film career[edit] §Europe[edit] Friedrich Mandl, her first husband, objected to what he felt was exploitation of his wife and "the expression on her face" during the simulated orgasm. Lamarr wrote that Mussolini and Hitler had attended lavish parties hosted at the Mandl home. §Hollywood[edit]

Shadow Area where light is blocked by an object Shadows of visitors to the Eiffel Tower, viewed from the first platform Park fence shadow is distorted by an uneven snow surface Shadows from cumulus clouds thick enough to block sunlight Point and non-point light sources[edit] A point source of light casts only a simple shadow, called an "umbra". The outlines of the shadow zones can be found by tracing the rays of light emitted by the outermost regions of the extended light source. By contrast, the penumbra is illuminated by some parts of the light source, giving it an intermediate level of light intensity. The absence of diffusing atmospheric effects in the vacuum of outer space produces shadows that are stark and sharply delineated by high-contrast boundaries between light and dark. For a person or object touching the surface where the shadow is projected (e.g. a person standing on the ground, or a pole in the ground) the shadows converge at the point of contact. Astronomy[edit] Lotus clour[edit]

Ada Lovelace English mathematician (1815–1852) Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), also known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. She was the first to recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation. Lovelace was the only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron and reformer Anne Isabella Milbanke.[2] All her half-siblings, Lord Byron's other children, were born out of wedlock to other women.[3] Lord Byron separated from his wife a month after Ada was born and left England forever. Lovelace's educational and social exploits brought her into contact with scientists such as Andrew Crosse, Charles Babbage, Sir David Brewster, Charles Wheatstone and Michael Faraday, and the author Charles Dickens, contacts which she used to further her education. Biography Childhood Adult years Education Death Work Other

Animal Kingdom of living things Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described, of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 85,000 are molluscs, and around 65,000 are vertebrates. It has been estimated there are as many as 7.77 million animal species on Earth. Animal body lengths range from 8.5 μm (0.00033 in) to 33.6 m (110 ft). Most living animal species belong to the infrakingdom Bilateria, a highly proliferative clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. Etymology The word animal comes from the Latin noun animal of the same meaning, which is itself derived from Latin animalis 'having breath or soul'.[6] The biological definition includes all members of the kingdom Animalia.[7] In colloquial usage, the term animal is often used to refer only to nonhuman animals.[8][9][10][11] The term metazoa is derived from Ancient Greek μετα (meta) 'after' (in biology, the prefix meta- stands for 'later') and ζῷᾰ (zōia) 'animals', plural of ζῷον zōion 'animal'.[12][13] Size

Katherine Johnson African American mathematician Katherine Johnson (née Coleman; August 26, 1918 – February 24, 2020) was an American mathematician whose calculations of orbital mechanics as a NASA employee were critical to the success of the first and subsequent U.S. crewed spaceflights.[1] During her 33-year career at NASA and its predecessor, she earned a reputation for mastering complex manual calculations and helped pioneer the use of computers to perform the tasks. The space agency noted her "historical role as one of the first African-American women to work as a NASA scientist".[2] Johnson's work included calculating trajectories, launch windows, and emergency return paths for Project Mercury spaceflights, including those for astronauts Alan Shepard, the first American in space, and John Glenn, the first American in orbit, and rendezvous paths for the Apollo Lunar Module and command module on flights to the Moon. In 2015, President Barack Obama awarded Johnson the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Rapatronic Camera: An Atomic Blast Shot at 1/100,000,000th of a Second | PetaPixel This is a photo of an atomic bomb milliseconds after detonation, shot by Harold ‘Doc’ Edgerton in 1952 through his Rapatronic (Rapid Action Electronic) Camera. The photo was shot at night through a 10 foot lens, situated 7 miles away from the blast, atop a 75 foot tower. Edgerton systematically turned on and off magnetic fields acting as the camera’s shutter, as opposed to a conventional, mechanical close. How fast was the magnetic field shutter? For comparison, a manual 35mm camera has a ‘top speed’ of maybe 1/3200. This is 1/100,000,000th of a second after the first photo. This isn’t the normal funny, Mike – why would you post something like this? As a photographer, I’m inspired by odd things. As a human, It’s hard for me to fathom that something so horrible and destructive could be so mesmerizingly beautiful. Another 1/100,000,000th of a second later, and you can see the Joshua Trees with the front row seat to Doomstown. When I see the pics, I kind of zone out.

Émilie du Châtelet (1706 - 1749) - Biography Biography We should first make some remarks about Émilie du Châtelet's name. Before her marriage her name was Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil and she was called Gabrielle-Émilie by her family but later she was called simply Émilie by Voltaire and others. We should also note that her husband was the Marquis du Chastellet and her publications appear under the name Madame la Marquis du Chastellet. The spelling "Châtelet" was introduced by Voltaire and has now become standard. In this biography we will call her "Émilie" up to the time of her marriage, and from then "du Châtelet". Émilie's father was Louis Nicolas Le Tonnelier de Breteuil. ... a charmer in his youth... fashionable but slightly ridiculous ... nobody liked him very much ... His cousin, Marie Anne le Fèvre de Caumartin, was sent to a convent when Le Tonnelier realised she was pregnant and he married her three days before she died. Voltaire wrote in his Éloge historique de Madame la Marquise du Châtelet (see [9]):-

Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway Dian Fossey American zoologist Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder.[1] She studied them daily in the mountain forests of Rwanda, initially encouraged to work there by paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey. Gorillas in the Mist, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the gorillas at Karisoke Research Center and prior career. It was adapted into a 1988 film of the same name.[2] Fossey was one of the foremost primatologists in the world, a member of the "Trimates", a group formed of prominent female scientists originally sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments, along with Jane Goodall who studied chimpanzees, and Birutė Galdikas, who studied orangutans.[3][4] Early life[edit] Education and medical career[edit] The Leakeys and the Congo[edit] Journey to Africa[edit]

Machine Learning 101: The What, Why, and How of Weighting - KDnuggets By Eric Hart, Altair. Introduction One thing I get asked about a lot is weighting. What is it? Model Basics Before we talk about weighting, we should all get on the same page about what a model is, what they are used for, and some of the common issues that modelers run into. If you’re building a model to make predictions, you’re going to need a way to measure how good that model is at making predictions. Let’s jump into an example. The 2019 world series took place between the Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros Let’s investigate some models. Apparently, I was pretty high on the Nationals. It’s worth noting: these are individual game predictions, made in advance of each game if it was going to happen; these are not predictions for the series as a whole. These predictions are based on things like team strength, home field advantage, and specifics of which pitcher is starting each game. Anyway, let’s spoil the series, see what happened, and compare accuracy. My result: Now define:

Tiera Guinn Fletcher American engineer Tiera Fletcher is an American engineer who graduated from MIT in 2017 and works for Boeing. She is one of the designers and structural analysts building the Space Launch System for NASA which is set to send people to Mars.[1] Early and personal life[edit] She was married in July 2017 to Myron Fletcher, an aerospace engineer who also works at Boeing, being a pilot.[3][6] Both she and her husband share an interest in influencing young people to join the world of STEM along with increasing the diversity of STEM fields.[3] Education[edit] Fletcher attended Wheeler High School in Marietta, Georgia.[7] During her senior year of high school, Fletcher received an internship at NASA in Langley, Virginia.[3] She also landed a research internship at the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2014. Space Launch System in 2015. Career[edit] Recognition and awards[edit] Also in 2017, Fletcher received the Albert G. References[edit]

Weighted arithmetic mean Statistical amount The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others. The notion of weighted mean plays a role in descriptive statistics and also occurs in a more general form in several other areas of mathematics. If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean is the same as the arithmetic mean. While weighted means generally behave in a similar fashion to arithmetic means, they do have a few counterintuitive properties, as captured for instance in Simpson's paradox. Examples[edit] Basic example[edit] Given two school classes — one with 20 students, one with 30 students — and test grades in each class as follows: Morning class = {62, 67, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 93, 98} The mean for the morning class is 80 and the mean of the afternoon class is 90. is . . With

Jane Goodall English primatologist and anthropologist Dame Jane Morris Goodall DBE (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934),[3] formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English primatologist and anthropologist.[4] Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960, where she witnessed human-like behaviours amongst chimpanzees, including armed conflict.[5] She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and the Roots & Shoots programme, and she has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues. She has served on the board of the Nonhuman Rights Project since its founding in 1996.[6][7] In April 2002, she was named a UN Messenger of Peace. Goodall is an honorary member of the World Future Council. Early years Africa Work Research at Gombe Stream National Park Jane Goodall Institute Activism Honours

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