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Nous

Nous
This article is about a philosophical term. For the philosophy journal, see Noûs. In philosophy, common English translations include "understanding" and "mind"; or sometimes "thought" or "reason" (in the sense of that which reasons, not the activity of reasoning).[2][3] It is also often described as something equivalent to perception except that it works within the mind ("the mind's eye").[4] It has been suggested that the basic meaning is something like "awareness".[5] In colloquial British English, nous also denotes "good sense", which is close to one everyday meaning it had in Ancient Greece. This diagram shows the medieval understanding of spheres of the cosmos, derived from Aristotle, and as per the standard explanation by Ptolemy. It came to be understood that at least the outermost sphere (marked "Primũ Mobile") has its own intellect, intelligence or nous - a cosmic equivalent to the human mind. Pre-Socratic usage[edit] The first use of the word nous in the Iliad. Xenophon[edit]

Catalyst Project | Assembl Assembl and Imagination for People are currently involved in a European project called CATALYST (the Collective Applied Intelligence and Analytics for Social Innovation Project). CATALYST is a 2 year EU-funded project that brings together a number of actors to create a platform that supports public deliberation in complex debates. On today’s social media platforms it is impossible for citizens and moderators to grasp the state of the debate, or know where they might best contribute to advance understanding. In other words, a lack of organization to the debate, or awareness of what other members are contributing negatively affects how important people view their contributions to be. Social media platforms are not designed for moderators or content curation to ensure people feel their views are being valued. CATALYST is a multidisciplinary effort to tackle this problem.

Understanding Understanding (also called intellection) is a psychological process related to an abstract or physical object, such as a person, situation, or message whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to deal adequately with that object. Understanding is a relation between the knower and an object of understanding. Understanding implies abilities and dispositions with respect to an object of knowledge sufficient to support intelligent behavior.[1] An understanding is the limit of a conceptualization. To understand something is to have conceptualized it to a given measure. Examples[edit] Understanding as a model[edit] Gregory Chaitin, a noted computer scientist, propounds a view that comprehension is a kind of data compression.[2] In his essay "The Limits of Reason", he argues that understanding something means being able to figure out a simple set of rules that explains it. Components of understanding[edit] Cognition and affect[edit] Religious perspectives[edit] See also[edit]

Aldous Huxley English writer and philosopher (1894–1963) Aldous Leonard Huxley ( AWL-dəs; 26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and philosopher.[1][2][3][4] His bibliography spans nearly 50 books,[5][6] including novels and non-fiction works, as well as essays, narratives, and poems. Born into the prominent Huxley family, he graduated from Balliol College, Oxford, with an undergraduate degree in English literature. Early in his career, he published short stories and poetry and edited the literary magazine Oxford Poetry, before going on to publish travel writing, satire, and screenplays. Early life[edit] English Heritageblue plaque at 16 Bracknell Gardens, Hampstead, London, commemorating Aldous, his brother Julian, and his father Leonard Huxley's education began in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, after which he enrolled at Hillside School near Godalming.[20][21] He was taught there by his own mother for several years until she became terminally ill. Career[edit]

Epicurus and Epicurean Philosophy Internet of Things, Cloud and Espionage of Safety Internet of Things (IoT) is a concern not only for the security, all cloud based service providers and to the software defined approaches. Since 2010, we are mostly around the topics of core Networking and Virtualization. Gradually, we introduced Cloud Computing as a category. So, far we have the highest number of helpful information providing articles, guides on Cloud Computing as a single website. Today, even to an user, it is not surpassing that Heartbleed was possibly known by NSA and few software companies exploited the almost resource less, one person controlled OpenSSL project. The issue of security is an important issue which repeatedly peeps in the ICT sector and beyond. Let us discuss what has emerged from a recent conference, where the main topics were related to the world of cloud computing, new dangers emerging in the field of security and data protection); the discussion held at the well-known and prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Wave function However, complex numbers are not necessarily used in all treatments. Louis de Broglie in his later years proposed a real-valued wave function connected to the complex wave function by a proportionality constant and developed the de Broglie–Bohm theory. The unit of measurement for ψ depends on the system. For one particle in three dimensions, its units are [length]−3/2. These unusual units are required so that an integral of |ψ|2 over a region of three-dimensional space is a unitless probability (the probability that the particle is in that region). Historical background[edit] In the 1920s and 1930s, quantum mechanics was developed using calculus and linear algebra. Wave functions and function spaces[edit] Functional analysis is commonly used to formulate the wave function with a necessary mathematical precision; usually they are quadratically integrable functions (at least locally) because it is compatible with the Hilbert space formalism mentioned below. Requirements[edit]

Transpersonal psychology Issues considered in transpersonal psychology include spiritual self-development, self beyond the ego, peak experiences, mystical experiences, systemic trance, spiritual crises, spiritual evolution, religious conversion, altered states of consciousness, spiritual practices, and other sublime and/or unusually expanded experiences of living. The discipline attempts to describe and integrate spiritual experience within modern psychological theory and to formulate new theory to encompass such experience. Transpersonal psychology has made several contributions to the academic field, and the studies of human development, consciousness and spirituality.[3][4] Transpersonal psychology has also made contributions to the fields of psychotherapy[5] and psychiatry.[6][7] Definition[edit] Lajoie and Shapiro[8] reviewed forty definitions of transpersonal psychology that had appeared in academic literature over the period from 1968 to 1991. Development of the academic field[edit] Origins[edit] Dr.

Filosofia greco-romana A filosofia greco-romana foi a maneira com que os antigos gregos e romanos organizaram, nos últimos cinco séculos antes de Cristo, uma forma de conhecimento, um modo de reflexão ou uma teoria da realidade. Esta filosofia pode ser classificada em dois períodos: o cosmológico e o antropológico clássico. Classificação[editar | editar código-fonte] Período Cosmológico[editar | editar código-fonte] Neste estágio primitivo e rural, predominou uma explicação mitológica do universo e da origem das principais significações da realidade. Este saber mitológico "explicava", para a época e para aquele momento histórico, as principais questões da existência humana, da natureza e da sociedade. Neste período, entre vários filósofos que buscavam o conhecimento do princípio material da natureza, encontram-se Período antropológico / clássico[editar | editar código-fonte] A filosofia, como ciência e atividade humana, no início foi produzida por homens situados em determinados momentos históricos. Segundo J.P.

Olfaction Volatile small molecule odorants, non-volatile proteins, and non-volatile hydrocarbons may all produce olfactory sensations. Some animal species are able to smell carbon dioxide in minute concentrations.[5] Study of olfaction[edit] Early scientific study of olfaction includes the extensive doctoral dissertation of Eleanor Gamble, published in 1898, which compared olfactory to other stimulus modalities, and implied that smell had a lower intensity discrimination.[6] As the Epicurean and atomistic Roman philosopher Lucretius (1st Century BCE) speculated, different odors are attributed to different shapes and sizes of "atoms" (odor molecules in the modern understanding) that stimulate the olfactory organ [2]. Main olfactory system[edit] In vertebrates smells are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Receptor neuron[edit] Olfactory bulb projections[edit] Accessory olfactory system[edit] Human olfactory system[edit]

Carl Jung Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/; German: [ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf jʊŋ]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961), often referred to as C. G. Jung, was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology.[2] Jung proposed and developed the concepts of the collective unconscious, archetypes, and extraversion and introversion. The central concept of analytical psychology is individuation—the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy.[3] Jung considered individuation to be the central process of human development.[4] Jung saw the human psyche as "by nature religious"[5] and made this religiousness the focus of his explorations.[6] Jung is one of the best known contemporary contributors to dream analysis and symbolization. Early years[edit] Childhood family[edit] Jung's mother left Laufen for several months of hospitalization near Basel for an unknown physical ailment. Childhood memories[edit]

Philia, éros, agapè, storgê En effet dans les mots “je t’aime” il peut souvent y avoir bien des confusions, des attentes et des sentiments différents ! Le terme amour recouvre quatre sentiments distincts: l’éros, la philia, l’agapè et la storgê. 1. La philia se rapproche de l’amitié telle qu’on l’entend aujourd’hui, c’est une forte estime réciproque entre deux personnes de statuts sociaux proches.C’est une extension de l’amitié. 2. désigne l’attirance sexuelle, le désir. 3. est l’amour du prochain, une relation univoque que l’on rapprocherait aujourd’hui de l’altruisme. 4. décrit l’amour familial, comme l’amour, l’affection d’un parent pour son enfant. Alors quand on vous dira “je t’aime” sachez traduire ! Benjamin Leplat

Somatosensory system Touch is a crucial means of receiving information. This photo shows tactile markings identifying stairs for visually impaired people. While touch (also called tactile perception) is considered one of the five traditional senses, the impression of touch is formed from several modalities including pressure, skin stretch, vibration and temperature. In medicine, the colloquial term "touch" is usually replaced with "somatic senses" to better reflect the variety of mechanisms involved. Somatic senses are sometimes referred to as somesthetic senses, with the understanding that somesthesis includes touch, proprioception and (depending on usage) also haptic perception.[1] Processing primarily occurs in the primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex: information is sent from the receptors via sensory nerves, through tracts in the spinal cord and finally into the brain. Structure[edit] General somatosensory pathway[edit] Periphery[edit] Spinal cord[edit] Brain[edit]

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