Homemade pH Indicator – DIY Experiments

Abstract Make your own homemade pH indicator! Red cabbage juice contains a pH indicator that exhibits a wide range of colours according to the acidity of the solution. This experimental contains in-depth scientific explanation of why certain compounds are coloured and how the colour change occurs. All materials and equipment can be found at home and are relatively safe to use. Introduction Organic compounds tend to be coloured when they contain an extensive conjugating system. The pigments responsible for the blues, reds and purples in many flowers, fruits and vegetables, are members of a subclass of flavonoids known as anthocyanins. Red cabbage contains one of these colour changing compounds and can be easily extracted using the following equipment. Materials and Equipment Red cabbageknifeboiling waterLarge bowlpipetsmall glasses (shot glasses are perfect)Samples to test Experimental Procedure Video The main topic of the following videos is on the pseudoscience of homeopathy. Pictures

Le Secret de lEau des Hunzas WPS - Water Purification Suppliers - Purify H2O Purified - WaterPurificationSuppliers.com Skeletal fluorosis Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones. In advanced cases, skeletal fluorosis causes painful damage to bones and joints. Symptoms[edit] Symptoms are mainly promoted in the bone structure. Due to a high fluoride concentration in the body, the bone is hardened and thus less elastic, resulting in an increased frequency of fractures. Causes[edit] Common causes of fluorosis include inhalation of fluoride dusts/fumes by workers in industry, consumption of fluoride from drinking water (levels of fluoride in excess of levels that are considered safe[4]), and consumption of fluoride from drinking tea,[5] particularly brick tea. In India, most in Nalgonda (Telangana), the most common cause of fluorosis is fluoride-laden drinking water which is sourced as groundwater from deep-bore wells. Mechanism of action[edit] Diagnosis[edit] Skeletal fluorosis phases[edit] Treatment[edit] Epidemiology[edit] In some areas, skeletal fluorosis is endemic.