Monisme

Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Monisme métaphysique - Définition[modifier | modifier le code] Le monisme s'oppose aussi à toutes les écoles philosophiques construites sur la multiplicité intrinsèque du réel, comme l'atomisme de Démocrite qui envisage le cosmos comme un assemblage de vide et d'une infinité d'atomes, atomes appartenant secondairement à un nombre fini de catégories atomiques de natures différentes. Concernant les fondamentaux métaphysiques du monisme, certains penseurs refusent de confondre monisme et non-dualité. Dans leur logique, ils restreignent le concept moniste à la seule unité de substance alors que la non-dualité, elle, implique l'unité absolue de tout dans toutes les dimensions. Le grand théoricien de la non-dualité est l'indien Adi Shankara (IXe siècle) qui a construit toute une logique (au sens des logiciens) qui réfute le principe du tiers-exclu et qui récuse aussi tout usage du OU exclusif. Monismes orientaux[modifier | modifier le code]

HolyBooks.com – download free ebooks The Ancient Chinese Libertarian Tradition - Murray N. Rothbard The first libertarian intellectual was Lao-tzu, the founder of Taoism. Little is known about his life, but apparently he was a personal acquaintance of Confucius in the late sixth century BC and like the latter came from the state of Sung and was descended from the lower aristocracy of the Yin dynasty. Unlike the notable apologist for the rule of philosopher-bureaucrats, however, Lao-tzu developed a radical libertarian creed. Government, in sum, must be limited to the smallest possible minimum; "inaction" was the proper function of government, since only inaction can permit the individual to flourish and achieve happiness. The wisest course, then, is to keep the government simple and for it to take no action, for then the world "stabilizes itself." Lao-tzu arrived at his challenging and radical new insights in a world dominated by the power of Oriental despotism. A thousand ounces of gold is indeed a great reward, and the office of chief minister is truly an elevated position.

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