Narcissisme Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Le narcissisme est le fondement de la confiance en soi. Lorsqu'il est défaillant, le terme peut désigner l'importance excessive accordée à l'image de soi. Le dictionnaire commun le définit comme « contemplation de soi ou attention exclusive portée à soi. » Chez Rousseau[modifier | modifier le code] L’Amour de soi est passion primitive, innée. Chez Freud[modifier | modifier le code] Paul Näcke (1851-1913), psychiatre et criminologue Allemand a intégré le concept de narcissisme à la psychologie clinique en 1899 pour définir une forme de perversion : il désignait originellement un comportement par lequel un individu traite son corps comme un objet sexuel : il le contemple en y prenant un plaisir sexuel, le caresse jusqu’à parvenir à la « satisfaction » complète ». Mythologie[modifier | modifier le code] Société moderne[modifier | modifier le code] Classifications psychiatriques[modifier | modifier le code] Bibliographie[modifier | modifier le code]
Superficial charm Superficial charm (or glib charm) is the tendency to be smooth, engaging, charming, slick and verbally facile.[1] The phrase often appears in lists of attributes of psychopathic personalities, such as in Hervey M. Cleckley's The Mask of Sanity,[2] and Robert D. Associated expressions are "charm offensive", "turning on the charm" and "superficial smile". Early history[edit] Classical rhetoric had early singled out the critical category of the superficial charmer, whose merit was purely verbal, without underlying substance.[4] In the nineteenth century, George Eliot explored the darker side of the Victorian feminine ideal, concluding bleakly that there was little worse than the narrow minded kind of femininity sheltering behind an artificial charm of manner.[5] Psychopathic charm[edit] Contemporary interest in superficial charm goes back to Hervey M. Subsequent studies have refined, but not perhaps fundamentally altered, Cleckley's initial assessment. Narcissism[edit] Social chameleons[edit] F.
Fierté Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : fierté, sur le Wiktionnaire La fierté est un sentiment qui fait suite à un succès après la conduite d'un projet, d'une action, ayant exigé des efforts pour surmonter des difficultés . Ce sentiment est légitimé par trois critères : - l’engagement personnel dans l'action et/ou le projet à mener - la présence d'épreuves à surmonter - le succès. Ce sentiment est confondu à tort avec l'orgueil ou la vanité qui sont des sentiments qui ne reposent sur aucune légitimité autre que celle d'exister. Portail de la psychologie
Dark triad The dark triad is a group of three personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy.[1][2][3] The use of the term "dark" reflects the perception that these traits have interpersonally aversive qualities:[4][5][6][7] Narcissism is characterized by grandiosity, pride, egotism, and a lack of empathy.[8]Machiavellianism is characterized by manipulation and exploitation of others, a cynical disregard for morality, and a focus on self-interest and deception.[9]Psychopathy is characterized by enduring antisocial behavior, impulsivity, selfishness, callousness, and remorselessness.[10] All three traits have been associated with a callous-manipulative interpersonal style.[11] Jakobwitz and Egan carried out a factor analysis and found agreeableness strongly dissociated with these traits, and other factors, such as neuroticism and a lack of conscientiousness, associated with some traits. History[edit] Subclinical dimensions vs. disorders[edit] Perspectives[edit] As a disorder[edit]
Pride Pride is sometimes viewed as excessive or as a vice, sometimes as proper or as a virtue. While some philosophers such as Aristotle (and George Bernard Shaw) consider pride a profound virtue, some world religions consider it a sin, such as is expressed in Proverbs 11:2 of the Old Testament. In Christianity, pride is one of the Seven Deadly Sins. According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, proud comes from late Old English prut, probably from Old French prud "brave, valiant" (11th century) (which became preux in French), from Late Latin term prodis "useful", which is compared with the Latin prodesse "be of use".[4] The sense of "having a high opinion of oneself", not in French, may reflect the Anglo-Saxons' opinion of the Norman knights who called themselves "proud", like the French knights preux.[citation needed] Philosophical views[edit] Ancient Greek philosophy[edit] He concludes then that By contrast, Aristotle defined hubris as follows: Psychological views[edit] As an emotion[edit] Dr.
Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (Italian: [nikkoˈlɔ makjaˈvɛlli]; 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He was for many years an official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He was a founder of modern political science, and more specifically political ethics. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned in the Italian language. He was Secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power. "Machiavellianism" is a widely used negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli described in The Prince. Life[edit] Machiavelli was born in a tumultuous era—popes waged acquisitive wars against Italian city-states, and people and cities often fell from power. Works[edit] The Prince[edit]
Orgueil Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L'orgueil est, selon le philosophe Théophraste, le mépris de tout, sauf de soi-même[1]. L'orgueil Superbia en latin, est une opinion très avantageuse, le plus souvent exagérée, qu'on a de sa valeur personnelle aux dépens de la considération due à autrui, à la différence de la fierté qui n'a nul besoin de se mesurer à l'autre ni de le rabaisser. Manque ou absence d'humilité. L'orgueil est l'envers de la médaille de la fierté. L'un n'étant pas possible sans l'autre, on dit que l'orgueil émerge lorsque les circonstances n'emmènent pas l'individu fier où il veut. Dans la religion catholique, il désigne un péché capital, celui qui donne le sentiment d'être plus important et plus méritant que les autres, de ne rien devoir à personne, ce qui se traduit par un mépris pour les autres et le reste de la création et un rejet de la révélation et de la miséricorde divines. Références[modifier | modifier le code] Dans la fiction[modifier | modifier le code]
Psychopathy Hervey M. Cleckley, a US-American psychiatrist, probably influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), as did American psychologist George E. Partridge.[citation needed] The DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and dissocial personality disorder, stating that these have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or sociopathy.[1][2][3][4] Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare later repopularised the construct of psychopathy in criminology with his Psychopathy Checklist.[1][5] Definition[edit] Conceptions[edit] Researchers have noted that there appear to be at least two different conceptions of psychopathy, each with differing policy implications. Triarchic model[edit] The triarchic model, formulated by Christopher J. Boldness. Measurement[edit] Offending[edit]
Nihilism Nihilism is also a characteristic that has been ascribed to time periods: for example, Jean Baudrillard and others have called postmodernity a nihilistic epoch,[4] and some Christian theologians and figures of religious authority have asserted that postmodernity[5] and many aspects of modernity[3] represent a rejection of theism, and that such rejection of their theistic doctrine entails nihilism. Forms of nihilism[edit] Nihilism has many definitions, and thus can describe philosophical positions that are arguably independent. [edit] Metaphysical nihilism is the philosophical theory that there might be no objects at all—that is, that there is a possible world where there are no objects at all—or at least that there might be no concrete objects at all—so that even if every possible world contains some objects, there is at least one that contains only abstract objects. Epistemological nihilism[edit] Mereological nihilism[edit] This interpretation of existence must be based on resolution.
Machiavellian intelligence "It ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things." - Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince In cognitive science and evolutionary psychology, Machiavellian intelligence (also known as political intelligence or social intelligence) is the capacity of an entity to be in a successful political engagement with social groups. The first introduction of this concept to primatology came from Frans de Waal's book "Chimpanzee Politics" (1982), which described social maneuvering while explicitly quoting Machiavelli. Also known as machiavellianism, it is the art of manipulation in which others are socially manipulated in a way that benefits the user, whether it is to the detriment of the people being used. History[edit] Machiavelli's teachings continue to influence all levels of Western society. See also[edit] References[edit]
Nihilisme Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Le nihilisme (du latin nihil, « rien ») est un point de vue philosophique d'après lequel le monde (et plus particulièrement l'existence humaine) est dénué de tout sens, de tout but, de toute vérité compréhensible ou encore de toutes valeurs. Cette notion est applicable à différents contextes : histoire, politique, littérature et philosophie. Politique[modifier | modifier le code] Littérature[modifier | modifier le code] Franz Kafka, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Albert Camus par exemple dans Le Mythe de Sisyphe (1942) ou L'Étranger (1942) ou Eugène Ionesco dans La Cantatrice chauve (1950) illustrent cette aliénation de l'individu occidental et son vide existentiel corseté. Philosophie[modifier | modifier le code] Nihilisme de Gorgias ou ses propos sur le non-être[modifier | modifier le code] Dans la Grèce antique, le sophiste Gorgias fut l'un des premiers à développer des thèses qualifiées a posteriori de « nihilistes ».