The Integrated Circuit Lists of Nobel Prizes and Laureates The Integrated Circuit Play the Techville Game About the game Integrated circuits, also called "chips", are electronic circuits where all the components (transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors) has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Read More » The Nobel Prize The 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the invention of the integrated circuit. Reading The History of the Integrated Circuit » Share this: Share on facebook Share on google_plusone_share Share on twitter More Sharing Services5 Share on email To cite this pageMLA style: "The Integrated Circuit". Recommended: The Legacy of Alfred Nobel On 27 November 1895 Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris. Play the Blood Typing Game Try to save some patients and learn about human blood types! Unlocking the Secrets of Our Cells Discover the 2012 awarded research on stem cells and cell signalling. Contact E-mail us Press Sitemap A-Z Index Frequently Asked Questions
The accelerator complex The accelerator complex at CERN is a succession of machines that accelerate particles to increasingly higher energies. Each machine boosts the energy of a beam of particles, before injecting the beam into the next machine in the sequence. In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) – the last element in this chain – particle beams are accelerated up to the record energy of 4 TeV per beam. The proton source is a simple bottle of hydrogen gas. The protons are finally transferred to the two beam pipes of the LHC. The accelerator complex includes the Antiproton Decelerator and the Online Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility, and feeds the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) project and the Compact Linear Collider test area, as well as the neutron time-of-flight facility (nTOF). Protons are not the only particles accelerated in the LHC. The CERN Control Centre combines control rooms for the laboratory’s accelerators, the cryogenic distribution system and the technical infrastructure.
Motion Mountain - The Free Physics Textbook for Dowload lanl.arxiv.org e-Print archive mirror Physics Flash Animations We have been increasingly using Flash animations for illustrating Physics content. This page provides access to those animations which may be of general interest. The animations will appear in a separate window. The animations are sorted by category, and the file size of each animation is included in the listing. In addition, I have prepared a small tutorial in using Flash to do Physics animations. LInks to versions of these animations in other languages, other links, and license information appear towards the bottom of this page. The Animations There are 99 animations listed below. Other Languages and Links These animations have been translated into Catalan, Spanish and Basque: En aquest enllaç podeu trobar la versió al català de les animacions Flash de Física. Many animations have been translated into Greek by Vangelis Koltsakis. Most animations have been translated into Hungarian by Sandor Nagy, Eötvös Loránd University.
China Will Build Largest Super Particle Collider | Guardian Liberty Voice China has announced it will build the largest super particle collider by 2028. The world was amazed at the development of the Large Hadron Collider built at CERN in 2008 in Geneva, Switzerland but that particle collider will be considered small after China builds the super particle collider it has planned. China has been quietly paving the way for the creation of this super particle accelerator and if it is successful will become a leading country in particle physics, overtaking Europe and the U.S. as leaders in physics. Scientists at the Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing are working with physicists from around the world to build this “Higgs boson factory” by 2028. The Higgs boson is an atomic particle that has been of great interest in high energy physics and was discovered at CERN on July 4, 2012. The current Large Hadron Collider at CERN has been called a “sledgehammer” in particle physics in that the protons are smashed together at high energies to observe what emerges.
Einstein for Everyone Einstein for Everyone Nullarbor Press 2007revisions 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 John D. All Rights Reserved John D. An advanced sequel is planned in this series:Einstein for Almost Everyone 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 ePrinted in the United States of America no trees were harmed web*bookTM This book is a continuing work in progress. January 1, 2015. Preface For over a decade I have taught an introductory, undergraduate class, "Einstein for Everyone," at the University of Pittsburgh to anyone interested enough to walk through door. With each new offering of the course, I had the chance to find out what content worked and which of my ever so clever pedagogical inventions were failures. At the same time, my lecture notes have evolved. Its content reflects the fact that my interest lies in history and philosophy of science and that I teach in a Department of History and Philosophy of Science. This text owes a lot to many. i i i
10 Tech Concepts You Need to Know for 2010 1. Anthropomimetic Machines No matter how closely a robot resembles a human on the outside, if you crack it open, the jumble of wires is unlikely to bear much resemblance to our insides. A group of European researchers aims to bridge that gap--its robot prototype is anthropomimetic, meaning it mimics the human form. There's a skeleton made of thermoplastic polymer, actuators that correspond to each muscle and kiteline as tendons. 2. Yesterday's fuel cells, like those seen here on Spacelab, require a hydrogen infrastructure. Coal is dirty, and fuel cells run on hydrogen--that's the conventional wisdom. 3. For the past five years, scientists at the University of Alberta in Edmonton have been working on the Human Metabolome Project, a database of the 8000 naturally occurring metabolites (that is, small molecules involved in chemical reactions in the body), as well as 1450 drugs, 1900 food additives and 2900 toxins that turn up in blood and urine tests. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Fermilab | Tevatron | Accelerator The Tevatron was the second most powerful particle accelerator in the world before it shut down on Sept. 29, 2011. It accelerated beams of protons and antiprotons to 99.999954 percent of the speed of light around a four-mile circumference. The two beams collided at the centers of two 5,000-ton detectors positioned around the beam pipe at two different locations. The collisions reproduced conditions in the early universe and probed the structure of matter at a very small scale. Scientists at Fermilab also study particle collisions by directing beams into stationary targets to produce neutrino beams. The Tevatron tunnel is buried 25 feet belowground, underneath an earthen berm. The Tevatron had more than 1,000 superconducting magnets, which produced much stronger magnetic fields than conventional magnets. Components Upper Magnets: The upper section of magnets operated at room temperature. Lower Magnets: The lower section of magnets was part of the Tevatron Collider. The Accelerator Chain
Physics Flash Animations We have been increasingly using Flash animations for illustrating Physics content. This page provides access to those animations which may be of general interest. The animations will appear in a separate window. The animations are sorted by category, and the file size of each animation is included in the listing. In addition, I have prepared a small tutorial in using Flash to do Physics animations. LInks to versions of these animations in other languages, other links, and license information appear towards the bottom of this page. The Animations There are 99 animations listed below. Other Languages and Links These animations have been translated into Catalan, Spanish and Basque: En aquest enllaç podeu trobar la versió al català de les animacions Flash de Física. Many animations have been translated into Greek by Vangelis Koltsakis. Most animations have been translated into Hungarian by Sandor Nagy, Eötvös Loránd University.