BBC Schools - Life in the trenches 31 October 2014Last updated at 15:07 Two British soldiers standing in a flooded communication trench during World War One On the Western Front, the war was fought in trenches. Trenches were long, narrow ditches dug into the ground where soldiers lived all day and night. There were many lines of German trenches on one side and many lines of Allied trenches on the other. In the middle, was no man's land, so-called because it did not belong to either army. Rest Soldiers in the trenches did not get much sleep. Dirty trenches The trenches could be very muddy and smelly.
The Medical Aspects of Gas Warfare, WWI 1. Lacrimators: (eye irritants and "tear gases") such as Benzylbromide. 2. Sternutators: (nasal irritants, "sneeze gases," "vomiting gases"), such as Diphenylchlorarsine. Sternutator gases were mixed with the other, more lethal, gases in order to interfere with the men wearing their protective gas masks.. 3. 4. The following descriptions of the medical effects of Gas Warfare have been extracted from "The Medical Department of the United States in the World War", Volume XIV. Editor. A Description of the Medical Effects of the Various Gases used during WW1. The Pathological effects of Gas Warfare An account of the general pathological findings in 107 fatal gas cases, subjected to postmortem examination during 1918. The Pathology of Mustard Gas The detailed post mortem examination reports of twenty five men who suffered fatal exposure to this gas..
BBC Schools - Trench food 18 February 2014Last updated at 17:06 British soldiers eating hot rations in the Ancre Valley during the Battle of the Somme, October 1916 Maconochie's meat stew advertisement Even though food was very short in Britain during World War One, families often sent parcels to their fathers and brothers fighting at the front. At the beginning of the war, soldiers got just over one pound of meat, the same amount in bread and eight ounces of vegetables each day. Some soldiers worked in field kitchens which were set up just behind the trenches to cook meals for the soldiers who were fighting. By 1917 the official ration for the average British 'Tommy' was much smaller. 'Maconchie's meat stew' and hard biscuits was a meal that many soldiers ate. 18 February 2014Last updated at 17:06 British soldiers eating hot rations in the Ancre Valley during the Battle of the Somme, October 1916 Maconochie's meat stew advertisement By 1917 the official ration for the average British 'Tommy' was much smaller.
Chemical Warfare and Medical Response During World War I 9/8/14: Forgotten Female Shell-Shock Victims of World War I The psychologist Dr. Charles S. Myers coined the term shell shock in an article for The Lancet in February 1915, after seeing a number of cases of mental distress in soldiers who experienced shells bursting near them at close range. Yet Myers quickly realized that many of the men exhibiting similar symptoms “had never been near an exploding shell, had not been under fire for months, or had never come under fire at all.” He admitted shell shock was “a singularly ill-chosen term,” and the British medical community quickly suggested "war neuroses" instead. But the public had already latched onto the memorable alliteration, and “shell shock" has remained in popular discourse ever since. Though a misnomer, historians have argued that shell shock provided a convenient way for doctors to separate the mental traumas exhibited by soldiers from the "effeminate associations of ‘hysteria.'”
War and medicine British Sign Language description Audio description Hippocrates is quoted as saying that ‘war is the only proper school for a surgeon’. Certainly, medical services have been associated with the military since the days of Ancient Greece. This relationship declined in the Middle Ages, but after a radical reorganisation of medicine during the 1700s the links between the two grew stronger with each passing year. War and new jobs in medicine There is much debate about how much influence war and medicine have had on each other. The human suffering caused by war War causes distress, displacement and death. Soldiers and disease Until the 1900s, wars impacted on soldiers more than the civilian population. New weapons, new wounds in the 1500s By the 1500s and 1600s guns and cannons replaced swords and spears, presenting army surgeons with new types of wounds. Developments in treatments through war The First World War: disease and developments Women in the First World War The impacts of war
The Great War Archive (University of Oxford) Dec 25. The Christmas Truce Sergeant Bernard Brookes was a signaller who spent ten months in Flanders in the beginning of the War before he suffered shellshock and was invalided out of active service. During his convalescence he wrote up the notes he had made during his service, giving a personal, unsentimental account of the appalling conditions in the trenches as well as humorous exploits on and off duty.Here are two short extracts relating to the famous Christmas Truce 1914: 24 December 1914: "An officer went out (after we had stood at our posts with rifles loaded in case of treachery) and arrangements were made that between 10.00am and noon, and from 2.00pm to 4.00pm tomorrow, intercourse between the Germs [sic] and ourselves should take place. You can read more of Sergeant Bernard Brookes’s story on the Europeana 1914-1918 site.
Best Sites for Primary Documents in World History Common Core offers an incentive for teachers to use historic documents to build literacy skills in a content area while empowering students to be the historian in the classroom. But document-based (DBQ) instruction in this context requires four key elements to be successful: The right documents. Knowing how to look at them. Letting students discover their own patterns, then asking students to describe, compare and defend what they found. Basing the task on enduring questions, the kind that students might actually want to answer. I've assigned my pre-service social studies methods class the task of designing some DBQs and I assembled a list of some of my favorite sources for finding historic documents in World History. All these sites feature good search engines and the ability to download documents for use in classroom projects. Musicians and an acrobat, Smithfield Decretals (Brit. Title: Weighing Cotton, Bombay Creator: Johnson, William; Henderson, William Date: ca. 1855-1862
What is C-PTSD? Why does c-ptsd exist? Complex PTSD comes in response to chronic traumatization over the course of months or, more often, years. This can include emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuses, domestic violence, living in a war zone, being held captive, human trafficking and other organized rings of abuse, and more. While there are exceptional circumstances where adults develop C-PTSD, it is most often seen in those whose trauma occurred in childhood. When an adult experiences a traumatic event, they have more tools to understand what is happening to them, their place as a victim of that trauma, and know they should seek support even if they don't want to. Another important thing to know is that the trauma to children resulting in C-PTSD (as well as dissociative disorders) is usually deeply interpersonal within that child's caregiving system. What does c-ptsd look like? Interruptions in consciousness are also a prevalent - and at times very scary - reality in Complex PTSD.
The First World War Poetry Digital Archive The First World War Poetry Digital Archive is an online repository of over 7000 items of text, images, audio, and video for teaching, learning, and research. The heart of the archive consists of collections of highly valued primary material from major poets of the period, including Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg, Robert Graves, Vera Brittain, and Edward Thomas. This is supplemented by a comprehensive range of multimedia artefacts from the Imperial War Museum, a separate archive of over 6,500 items contributed by the general public, and a set of specially developed educational resources. Freely available to the public as well as the educational community, the First World War Poetry Digital Archive is a significant resource for studying the First World War and the literature it inspired. The Great War Archive was highly commended at the Times Higher Educational Awards 2008 for 'Outstanding ICT Initiative'
7/17/18: Improving Therapeutic Options for Patients With PTSD New medications continually emerge for a variety of diseases and disorders, but medications to treat patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have remained stagnant for decades. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Eli Lilly), sertraline (Zoloft, Pfizer), and paroxetine (Paxil, GlaxoSmithKline) have dominated the market for the past 20 to 30 years and have remained the customary therapies for patients with PTSD, according to New York City-based psychiatrist Gauri Khurana, MD, MPH. “I think there are other medications to treat [PTSD] that are effective, and for some reason, this isn’t galvanizing a lot of research interest,” Khurana told MD Mag. “The bigger moneymakers are in [attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder] or antipsychotics.” Despite a general lack of research into new treatments for PTSD, the disorder has a significant and widespread impact. Tried and True? Newcomer Treatments in Trials