Spinning wheel History[edit] The earliest clear illustrations of the spinning wheel come from Baghdad (drawn in 1234),[2] China (c. 1270) and Europe (c. 1280), and there is evidence that spinning wheels had already come into use in both China and the Islamic world during the eleventh century.[3] According to Irfan Habib, the spinning wheel was introduced into India from Iran in the thirteenth century.[3] In France the spindle and distaff were not displaced until the mid 18th century.[4] According to Mark Elvin, 14th-century Chinese technical manuals describe an automatic water-powered spinning wheel. Comparable devices were not developed in Europe until the 18th century. In general, the spinning technology was known for a long time before being adopted by the majority of people, thus making it hard to fix dates of the improvements. Types of spinning wheels[edit] Charkha[edit] A lady yarning in a Charkha in MG Road Boulevard, Bangalore Modified and portable compact Charkha Great wheel[edit] Double drive[edit]
lapse: Landsat Satellite Images of Climate Change, via Google Earth Engine TIME and Space | By Jeffrey Kluger Editors note:On Nov. 29, 2016, Google released a major update expanding the data from 2012 to 2016. Read about the update here. Spacecraft and telescopes are not built by people interested in what’s going on at home. Rockets fly in one direction: up. That changed when NASA created the Landsat program, a series of satellites that would perpetually orbit our planet, looking not out but down. Over here is Dubai, growing from sparse desert metropolis to modern, sprawling megalopolis. It took the folks at Google to upgrade these choppy visual sequences from crude flip-book quality to true video footage. These Timelapse pictures tell the pretty and not-so-pretty story of a finite planet and how its residents are treating it — razing even as we build, destroying even as we preserve. Chapter 1: Satellite Story | By Jeffrey Kluger It’s a safe bet that few people who have grown up in the Google era have ever heard of Stewart Udall. 1 of 20 1 of 14 Full Screen 1 of 13
Weaving A plain weave: image of warp and weft A satin weave, common for silk, each warp thread floats over 16 weft threads. Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. A fabric band which meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back-strap, or other techniques without looms.[3] The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill.[4] Woven cloth can be plain (in one colour or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs. Process and terminology[edit] An Indian weaver preparing his warp on a pegged loom (another type of hand loom) Weaving can be summarized as a repetition of these three actions, also called the primary motion of the loom. History[edit]
David Rumsey Historical Map Collection | The Collection Putting-out system The putting-out system is a means of subcontracting work. Historically it was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system. In putting-out, work is contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who complete the work in off-site facilities, either in their own homes or in workshops with multiple craftsmen. The domestic system was suited to pre-urban times because workers did not have to travel from home to work which was quite impracticable due to the state of roads and footpaths and members of the household spent many hours in farm or household tasks. Early factory owners sometimes had to build dormitories to house workers, especially girls and women. The development of this trend is often considered to be a form of proto-industrialization and remained prominent until the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. At that point, it underwent name and geographical changes. Firearms[edit] Historian David A. All of the processes were carried out under different cottage roofs.
Bay of LA | Spatialities This is the third in a series of extreme sea level rise maps. The other two so far are Seattle and Portland. See Burrito Justice’s map of San Francisco. This will happen someday, but not in our lifetimes. Some who have dared to speculate on a timeline have given themselves plenty of space for error in their predictions–one estimate says anywhere from 1,000 to 10,000 years. Whatever the time frame, it is a fact that humans are speeding up this process. You can purchase LA Bay posters on Zazzle! Each of the maps I’ve made so far (see Seattle and Portland) vary somewhat in amount of sea level rise. Update: See other sea levels of LA. Preview details of map: h/t Burrito Justice for the inspiration and encouragement.
Introduction: What is Imperialism? “Your father’s lightsaber. This is the weapon of a Jedi Knight. Not as clumsy or random as a blaster; an elegant weapon for a more civilized age. For over a thousand generations, the Jedi Knights were the guardians of peace and justice in the Old Republic. —From Star Wars: Episode IV—A New Hope. In the Star Wars movies, the Empire continually seeks to expand its control from the capital planet Coruscant to outlying regions in the universe. Though Star Wars takes place “a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away,” many earthly empires have not been that different from the fictitious Galactic Empire. The core territory of an empire usually consists of a dominant nation or kingdom with a shared language and religion—such as ancient Rome during the Roman Empire or the United Kingdom during the British Empire. Throughout world history, kingdoms and nations have competed to expand their territories and power at the expense of others. Neither empire could sustain its prime area of conquest.
Endonym Map: World Map of Country Names in Their Local Languages Untitled Document What was Pre-Industrial Society Like? How much did the Industrial Revolution change society? Did the Industrial Revolution improve life for most people? The only way to investigate these questions is to compare and contrast industrial with pre-industrial society. For starters, the pace of change in preindustrial society was extremely slow. Daily life in pre-industrial times changed very little for Europeans. Another clear trend in pre-industrial society saw the population not growing very much from generation to generation. Pre-industrial population did not increase substantially in Europe for hundreds of years. Wealth in pre-industrial European society was concentrated in the hands of the few, while poverty was common. Most people in preindustrial England lived on a subsistence level with little or no savings. The Roots of Industrialization in Pre-Industrial Society Advances in learning also led European nations to surpass China in technological and military prowess.
Department of History - Our Atlases About Our Atlases In 1938 the predecessors of today's Department of History at the United States Military Academy began developing a series of campaign atlases to aid in teaching cadets a course entitled, "History of the Military Art." Since then, the Department has produced over six atlases and more than one thousand maps, encompassing not only America’s wars but global conflicts as well. In keeping abreast with today's technology, the Department of History is providing these maps on the internet as part of the department's outreach program. The maps were created by the United States Military Academy’s Department of History and are the digital versions from the atlases printed by the United States Defense Printing Agency. We gratefully acknowledge the accomplishments of the department's former cartographers, Mr.