Toulmin Model Stephen Toulmin, originally a British logician, is now a professor at USC. He became frustrated with the inability of formal logic to explain everyday arguments, which prompted him to develop his own model of practical reasoning. The first triad of his model consists of three basic elements: A claim is the point an arguer is trying to make. The claim is the proposition or assertion an arguer wants another to accept. The claim answers the question, "So what is your point?" example: "You should send a birthday card to Mimi, because she sent you one on your birthday." example: "I drove last time, so this time it is your turn to drive." fact: claims which focus on empirically verifiable phenomena judgment/value: claims involving opinions, attitudes, and subjective evaluations of things policy: claims advocating courses of action that should be undertaken Grounds refers to the proof or evidence an arguer offers. example: "It looks like rain. grounds can be based on: warrants can be based on:
Customize Handbook | National Core Arts Standards The arts have always served as the distinctive vehicle for discovering who we are. Providing ways of thinking as disciplined as science or math and as disparate as philosophy or literature, the arts are used by and have shaped every culture and individual on earth. They continue to infuse our lives on nearly all levels—generating a significant part of the creative and intellectual capital that drives our economy. The arts inform our lives with meaning every time we experience the joy of a well-remembered song, experience the flash of inspiration that comes with immersing ourselves in an artist’s sculpture, enjoying a sublime dance, learning from an exciting animation, or being moved by a captivating play. The central purposes of education standards are to identify the learning that we want for all of our students and to drive improvement in the system that delivers that learning. Inclusion Guidelines
Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains Note: This site is moving to KnowledgeJump.com. Please reset your bookmark. Bloom's Taxonomy was created in 1956 under the leadership of educational psychologist Dr Benjamin Bloom in order to promote higher forms of thinking in education, such as analyzing and evaluating concepts, processes, procedures, and principles, rather than just remembering facts (rote learning). It is most often used when designing educational, training, and learning processes. The Three Domains of Learning The committee identified three domains of educational activities or learning (Bloom, et al. 1956): Cognitive: mental skills (knowledge) Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas (attitude or self) Psychomotor: manual or physical skills (skills) Since the work was produced by higher education, the words tend to be a little bigger than we normally use. While the committee produced an elaborate compilation for the cognitive and affective domains, they omitted the psychomotor domain. Cognitive Domain Review
Writing Objectives Using Bloom's Taxonomy | The Center for Teaching and Learning Various researchers have summarized how to use Bloom’s Taxonomy. Following are four interpretations that you can use as guides in helping to write objectives using Bloom’s Taxonomy. From: KC Metro [old link, no longer functioning?] Bloom’s Taxonomy divides the way people learn into three domains. From: UMUC From: Stewards Task Oriented Question Construction Wheel Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy Task Oriented Question Construction Wheel Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. ©2001 St. From: GA Tech According to Benjamin Bloom, and his colleagues, there are six levels of cognition: Knowledge: rote memorization, recognition, or recall of facts Comprehension: understanding what the facts mean Application: correct use of the facts, rules, or ideas Analysis: breaking down information into component parts Synthesis: combination of facts, ideas, or information to make a new whole Evaluation: judging or forming an opinion about the information or situation
Models -- Instructional Design The Taxonomy Table -- Faculty Resources -- OSU Extended Campus -- Oregon State University How to Write Objectives Adapted from A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Lorin W. Andersin, David R. To dispell the confusion between the means and ends of instruction, contemplate these definitions: Ends Objectives describe intended results, outcomes, and changes. Means Instructional activities, such as reading a textbook, listening to lectures, conducting surveys, and observing field work, are means by which objectives are achieved. For an objective or outcome to be measurable, learning a fact, concept, or procedure is implied. Examples taken from OSU Extended Campus distance courses are attached to each category in the Cognitive Process Dimension and the Knowledge Dimension in the taxonomy table below. For consultation regarding writing objectives and activities for distance courses, please contact: Dianna Fisher, Director of Project Development & Training Office: (541) 737-8658 Cell: (541) 230-4029 Extended Campus
Core-Music-Standards-EUs-EQs-Definitions.pdf Bloom's taxonomy Bloom's wheel, according to the Bloom's verbs and matching assessment types. The verbs are intended to be feasible and measurable. Bloom's taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education. It is named for Benjamin Bloom, who chaired the committee of educators that devised the taxonomy, and who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. Bloom's taxonomy refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community. History[edit] Although named after Bloom, the publication of Taxonomy of Educational Objectives followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations. Cognitive[edit] Knowledge[edit] Comprehension[edit] Application[edit]
Bloom's Taxonomy Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, developed in 1956 by Benjamin Bloom of the University of Chicago, provides three categories of objectives: affective, psychomotor, and cognitive. For this newsletter, we'll just focus on the cognitive. The importance of the taxonomy for teachers is that it can serve to remind us of what we're asking students to do and why. In the cognitive "domain," Bloom arranges the objectives in increasing complexity, from "simple" knowledge or remembering through evaluation. If you do a little web searching, you'll find thousands of other examples of how Bloom's Taxonomy can help inform your teaching. 1. The recall of specifics and universals, involving little more than bringing to mind the appropriate material. Examples: Define the term "short term memory." 2. The ability to process knowledge on a low level such that the knowledge can be reproduced or communicated without verbatim repetition. 3. The use of abstractions in concrete situations. 4. 5. 6.
Operation ARIES! Professors wanted a better way to teach the skills of critical thinking and scientific reasoning, students wanted engagement and video games, the answer: Operation ARIES! Operation ARIES! The training proceeds in three stages: the Training Module, the Case Studies Module, and the Interrogation Module. In the Training Module, students learn about science by reading the Fuath's Guide to the Bean's World of Science that was written by aliens (the Fuaths). The game covers 21 scientific concepts shared among psychology, sociology, biology, and chemistry. Standards The National Coalition for Core Arts Standards (NCCAS) is seeking educators interested in serving on a team that will benchmark student work generated by the 2015 Model Cornerstone Assessment Pilot Project. Applications, including a résumé or CV, (three page limit) highlighting experience in arts assessment will be accepted through Friday, April 24, 2015, at Members of the National Core Arts Standards or MCA writing team members are not eligible to apply. The Core Music Standards are all about Music Literacy. Creating,Performing, andResponding. These are the processes that musicians have followed for generations, even as they connect through music to their selves and their societies. Students need to have experience in creating, to be successful musicians and to be successful 21st century citizens. Students need to perform – as singers, as instrumentalists, and in their lives and careers. More Information… Additional Resources, Copyright, and Credits
Minnesota State University, Mankato lessonplanet Why Select Other Criteria? Sometimes you only have 45 minutes to review participles before Tuesday's assembly, or you need curriculum you know was reviewed after a certain date. Duration: If curriculum authors indicate how long it takes to implement a resource, i.e. a 30-minute vocabulary exercise, a three-day science experiment, or a two-week expository writing project, we note it for you. If not, our teacher reviewers may indicate an estimated amount of time it would take. When you select a duration in this box, you'll see only resources with that stated duration. Reviewed After: Limit the resources you see to those reviewed since the date you choose by clicking the box and making a selection.