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What medieval Europe did with its teenagers

What medieval Europe did with its teenagers
Image copyright Getty Images Today, there's often a perception that Asian children are given a hard time by their parents. But a few hundred years ago northern Europe took a particularly harsh line, sending children away to live and work in someone else's home. Around the year 1500, an assistant to the Venetian ambassador to England was struck by the strange attitude to parenting that he had encountered on his travels. He wrote to his masters in Venice that the English kept their children at home "till the age of seven or nine at the utmost" but then "put them out, both males and females, to hard service in the houses of other people, binding them generally for another seven or nine years". It was for the children's own good, he was told - but he suspected the English preferred having other people's children in the household because they could feed them less and work them harder. Model letters and diaries in medieval schoolbooks indicate that leaving home was traumatic. Related:  Storia

Comment la première guerre mondiale a transformé le Proche-Orient La première guerre mondiale, déclarée par l’empire ottoman aux côtés des Puissances centrales porte le conflit sur les territoires du Bilad Al-Sham, une Grande Syrie qui comprend le Mont-Liban, la Syrie actuelle, une partie de la Palestine et de la Jordanie (nous n’examinerons pas ici les conséquences de la guerre sur les pays du Golfe). Mais ce n’est pas par impact direct, par la présence de combats (quasi inexistants dans un premier temps en réalité) que la guerre marque les esprits dans la région. Elle est synonyme de famine et de désolation, de rationnement et de fin brutale d’une période de relative prospérité, déjà mise à mal par la crise qui secouait l’empire depuis les guerres des Balkans. Dans les récits de l’époque, c’est l’humiliation et la faim qui dominent. Entre loyauté et émancipations La région dont il s’agit ici est celle que l’on appelle en arabe « le pays de Damas » (Bilad al-Sham). La guerre avant 1914 Les pendus de 1915-1916 (…) D’autres sont morts, depuis.

40 Weird Historical Photos that Actually Happened. But I Still Can’t Believe that Baby in #12 - Obscure Vision 1.) A woman taking her baby for a stroll in a gas-resistant baby carriage. 2.) People posing next to the Statue of Liberty’s face as it was being un-packed. 3.) A photo of Elvis Presley in the army. 4.) 5.) 6.) 7.) 8.) 9.) 10.) 11.) 12.) 13.) 14.) 15.) 16.) 17.) 18.) 19.) 20.) 21.) 22.) 23.) 24.) 25.) 26.) 27.) 28.) 29.) 30.) 31.) 32.) 33.) 34.) 35.) 36.) 37.) 38.) 39.) 40.) Source: Reddit Crash Course: Evolution of the Roman Military | The Odd Historian Accorded by some as being the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history, Rome’s military was the key to its rise from a relative backwater settlement in Italy to the most dominant power of the ancient world. Throughout its millennia-spanning history, Rome’s military underwent substantial changes as it contended with challenges both within its expanding borders and from neighboring adversaries who threatened to harm the integrity of its borders. Here is a crash course on the evolution of the Roman military. Phase I (c. 753 BC – c. 578 BC) Phase II (578 BC – c. 315 BC) The Etruscans occupied the cow stealing menace and brought civilization. Phase III (315 BC – 107 BC) Experience in the Samnite Wars brought further changes to the military. Phase IV (107 BC – 27 BC) A guy called Gaius Marius instituted the Marian reforms and made every citizen eligible to join the military. Phase V (27 BC – 117 AD) Phase VI (117 AD – 238AD) Phase VII (238 AD– 284 AD)

Black Death skeletons unearthed by Crossrail project 29 March 2014Last updated at 20:00 ET By James Morgan Science reporter, BBC News The plague victims' bones reveal clues to their harsh lives in medieval London Skeletons unearthed in London Crossrail excavations are Black Death victims from the great pandemic of the 14th Century, forensic tests indicate. Their teeth contain DNA from the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis and their graves have been dated to 1348-50. Records say thousands of Londoners perished and their corpses were dumped in a mass grave outside the City, but its exact location was a mystery. Continue reading the main story “Start Quote This discovery solves a 660-year-old mystery. End QuoteJay Carver Lead archaeologist, Crossrail Archaeologists now believe it is under Charterhouse Square near the Barbican. They plan to expand their search for victims across the square - guided by underground radar scans, which have picked up signs of many more graves. The teeth of the skeletons contain plague bacterial DNA The plague

Tableau général des Croisades chrétiennes en Orient XI ème SIECLE : - 1ère croisade : 1098 - 1099La conquête de Jérusalem par les croisés et le Rapport de Raimondo d'Aguilérec concernant la prise de Jérusalem XII ème SIECLE : Carte de territoires croisés en Orient Tableaux des chefs musulmans et chrétiensDébuts de la secte des Assassins islamiquesRègnes de Godefroi de Bouillon et de Baudouin 1erLe règne de Baudouin II (du Bourg) en Palestine Le règne de Bouri à Damas de 1128 à 1132 Le règne de Zenki roi d'Alep et Mossoul de 1128 à 1146 - 2e croisade : 1147 à 1149Louis VII et Aliénor et l'empereur allemand Conrad III (1147) Le règne du Roi Amaury 1er de Jérusalem (1162-1173) Saladin, un homme de coeur et d'honneur Le règne du Sultan Salah el Din ou Youssef Saladin - 3e croisade :1189 à 1192La 3e croisade contre le sultan Saladin L'après Saladin XIII ème SIECLE : - 4e croisade : 1202 à 1204Mise à sac de Constantinople en 1204 - 5e croisade : 1217 à 1221en Egypte à l'appel d'Honorius III - 7e croisade : 1248 à 1254La 7e croisade de St Louis (1249)

10 dangerous things in Victorian/Edwardian homes The late Victorians and the Edwardians lived through a domestic revolution. Theirs was a bold and exciting age of innovation, groundbreaking discoveries and dramatic scientific changes, many of which altered life at home in profound ways - including some that were terrible and unforeseen, writes historian Dr Suzannah Lipscomb. Much of their ingenuity was a response to the challenges of living in the newly booming cities - in 100 years, the urban population of Britain had leapt from two million in 1800 to 20 million at the turn of the 20th Century. By 1850, London was the biggest city the world had ever seen, and such enormous concentrations of people posed brand new problems of feeding, watering and housing the masses. Yet, many of the products they bought or inventive technological solutions they came up with were not only health hazards, but deadly domestic assassins. 1. 2. 3. The bathroom as we know it is a Victorian invention, but at first, it could be a dangerous place. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Aryan migration: New genetic study makes Out of India theory backed by Hindutva supporters unlikely A new paper authored by 92 scientists from around the globe that was posted online this weekend could settle some major questions about the subcontinent’s history and what that means for various theories of Indian civilisation. The paper, titled “The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia” which still has to go through peer review, uses genetics to examine the ancestry of ancient inhabitants of the subcontinent. Below is a quick summary of what you need to know. Who authored the study? There are 92 named authors on the study, including scholars from Harvard, MIT, the Russian Academy of Science, the Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences in Lucknow, the Deccan College, the Max Planck Institute, the Institute for Archaeological Research in Uzbekistan and the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad. How was the study conducted? The researchers looked at genome-wide data from 612 ancient individuals, meaning DNA samples of people that lived millennia ago.

What is Economic History? History with the people left out? Arid quantification? Aggregate History? 'Work' by Ford Maddox Brown, 1852-65D.C. It is not difficult to concoct brief definitions of economic history; but nor is it very rewarding. None of these indicates in what ways economic history is significantly different from more orthodox varieties of history. At this point difficulties arise for the economic historians themselves, about such definitions of method. To conclude. T.C. This question was much easier to answer a generation ago than it is today. More research, however, meant more specialisation. During the 1960s, while the going got harder, an epidemic of econometric history spread from the United States, where economic history is usually taught in economics departments. On the whole, the New Economic History further diminished the subject's broad appeal. Economic history can still claim to deal with the fundamentals of the past in a way that no other branch of history does. M.J. Roderick Floud

The Victorian Web (www,victorianweb.org) The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain Roderick Floud has taught modern British history in the UK and the USA; his recent research has used information on human height and weight to explore changes in living standards and he is one of the founders of the sub-discipline of anthropometric history, summed up in The Changing Body (Cambridge University Press, 2011) which has been widely praised. He wrote the first textbook of quantitative methods for historians and has edited all four editions of The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain. Roderick has also written extensively on higher education policy and received a knighthood for services to higher education. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and an Academician of the Social Sciences. Jane Humphries is Professor of Economic History at Oxford University where she teaches economic and social history at both graduate and undergraduate levels. Paul Johnson lives in London.

The 10 oldest cities in the world There’s a certain aesthetic attached to the oldest cities in the world: bustling souks beneath a bright blue sky, flowing garments made of whispery white cotton, stone masonry painted yellow by the sun. In reality, however, the oldest cities in the world have faced deep unrest throughout their long histories. Tragically, some are still uninhabitable. That’s not to say the ideal is lost. We examine below both sets of cities: those that flourish and those that still fight. 10. Beirut, often likened to a Phoenix, has been destroyed and rebuilt seven times. Top sight: National Museum of Beirut – the city’s foremost cultural institution charts Lebanon’s history and features pieces from the Bronze and Iron ages as well as from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk periods. 9. Gaziantep, like many of the other oldest cities in the world, has passed through many hands in its extraordinarily long history including the Byzantines, Crusaders and Ottomans. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Viewpoint: Could one man have shortened the Vietnam War? 8 July 2013Last updated at 23:58 GMT Konrad Kellen was an unknown defence analyst who might have changed the course of the Vietnam War if only people had listened to him, argues Malcolm Gladwell. Listening well is a gift. The ability to hear what someone says and not filter it through your own biases is an instinctive ability similar to having a photographic memory. And I think we have a great deal of trouble with people who have this gift. There are many examples of this phenomenon, but I want to focus on the story of Konrad Kellen, a truly great listener. During the Vietnam War, he heard something that should have changed the course of history. Continue reading the main story About the author Malcolm Gladwell is a journalist and author Hear more on this story in Radio 4's Pop-Up Ideas, broadcast on Tuesday 9 July at 09:30 BST and repeated on 10 July at 20:45 BST This piece is based on an edited transcript Or catch up with iPlayer Kellen was born in 1913. Continue reading the main story

The Roman Domus The Roman domus was much more than a place of dwelling for a Roman familia. It also served as a place of business and a religious center for worship. The size of a domus could range from a very small house to a luxurious mansion. Because safety was a primary concern in ancient Rome, domus did not face the streets. Domus Romana The domus included multiple rooms, indoor courtyards, gardens, and beautifully painted walls. Atrium: The atrium was the central hall, almost like a modern-day foyer, and it was the most conspicuous room in a Roman domus. The atrium was one of the most richly decorated rooms in the domus. Finally, before a funeral, the body of the deceased was displayed in the atrium with his/her feet always pointed toward the door. Lararium (household shrine): Honoring the household gods was an important part of daily life for Romans. Tablinum (office): Roman men often conducted business out of their domus from a home office known as the tablinum.

Use the ‘Keyword Checker’ to ensure student essays cover the essentials Factual knowledge is the bedrock of good history writing. Without it, meaningful opinions cannot be formed or substantiated. With this in mind, I developed the Keyword Checker at ClassTools. Best of all, terms can be organised under key headings (indicated by an asterisk). The Keyword Checker will give a quick breakdown in the following format: Taking it further The KeyWord Checker is not just useful for giving teachers a quick impression about how much hard factual knowledge has been included in an essay. Get students themselves to decide upon what the most important five themes are to cover, and what five terms they agree everybody should aim to mention. Link Keyword Checker at ClassTools (Viewed 94 times) Related Using sweets to represent change over time Any topic that focuses on changing fortunes over time could adopt this approach, which uses a large bag of sweets to represent a key theme being measured (for example, success, satisfaction or power). 14th February 2015 In "Cause"

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