Fundamentalism Fundamentalism is the demand for a strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines usually understood as a reaction against Modernist theology.[1] The term "fundamentalism" was originally coined by its supporters to describe five specific classic theological beliefs of Christianity, and that developed into a movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early part of the 20th century, and that had its roots in the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy of that time.[2] While the word was originally used to refer to this specific movement within Protestantism, it has come to be applied to a broad tendency among certain groups mainly, although not exclusively, in religion in general. The term usually has a religious connotation indicating unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.[4] "Fundamentalism" is sometimes used as a pejorative term, particularly when combined with other epithets (as in the phrase "right-wing fundamentalists").[5][6] Jewish[edit]
Universal (metaphysics) The problem of universals is an ancient problem in metaphysics about whether universals exist. The problem arises from attempts to account for the phenomenon of similarity or attribute agreement among things.[4] For example, live grass and Granny Smith apples are similar or agree in attribute, namely in having the attribute of greenness. The issue is how to account for this sort of agreement in attribute among things. There are two main positions on the issue: realism and nominalism (sometimes simply called "anti-realism" about universals[5]), along with conceptualism. Realists posit the existence of independent, abstract universals to account for attribute agreement. Nominalists deny that universals exist, claiming that they are not necessary to explain attribute agreement. A universal may have instances, known as its particulars.
Radicalisme Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. En France et en Wallonie, le radicalisme est l'expression de la Franc-maçonnerie dominante en politique. Types de radicalisme[modifier | modifier le code] La gauche radicale entend résoudre les problèmes sociaux par un changement de société radical et définitif.Ceux appelés communément Radicaux de Gauche prônent des idées laïques et sociales-démocrates.Le Parti radical valoisien prône des idées laïques et progressistes.Le radicalisme entend résoudre l'ensemble des problèmes de notre société indépendamment des solutions socialistes ou néolibérales. Il prône néanmoins un pouvoir législatif et exécutif fort.Le fondamentalisme religieux. En politique[modifier | modifier le code] Le radicalisme et les partis politiques : Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code] ↑ Serge Berstein, Histoire du Parti radical, 2 vol., Presses de la FNSP, Paris, 1982 Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code] Articles connexes[modifier | modifier le code] Radicalisation
Martin Heidegger Martin Heidegger (German: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher, widely seen as a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition, particularly within the fields of existential phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. From his beginnings as a Catholic academic, he developed a groundbreaking and widely influential philosophy. His relationship with Nazism has been a controversial and widely debated subject. For Heidegger, the things in lived experience always have more to them than what we can see; accordingly, the true nature of being is “withdrawal”. The interplay between the obscured reality of things and their appearance in what he calls the “clearing” is Heidegger's main theme. It has been suggested[by whom?] Biography[edit] Early years[edit] The Mesnerhaus in Meßkirch, where Heidegger grew up Marburg[edit] Freiburg[edit] In 1927, Heidegger published his main work Sein und Zeit (Being and Time). According to historian Richard J. Post-war[edit]
Hybris Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Mythologie[modifier | modifier le code] Dans la mythologie grecque, Hybris est une divinité allégorique personnifiant l’hybris. Eschyle lui attribue pour mère Dyssebia (l'Impiété)[2] tandis qu'Hygin la range parmi les enfants de la Nuit et de l'Érèbe[3]. Certains manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du pseudo-Apollodore font état de son commerce amoureux avec Zeus, qu'elle aurait rendu père du dieu Pan, mais le nom d'Hybris provient peut-être d'une mauvaise lecture de celui de la nymphe arcadienne Thymbris. La notion d'hybris[modifier | modifier le code] La déesse Némésis tenant la roue de la fortune, statue en marbre du IIe siècle, Villa Getty. La religion grecque antique ignore la notion de péché tel que le conçoit le christianisme. Le châtiment de l’hybris est la némésis, le châtiment des dieux qui fait se rétracter l'individu à l'intérieur des limites qu'il a franchies. Littérature et morale[modifier | modifier le code] « V.
Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is a religious and philosophical movement that developed during the late 1820s and '30s[1] in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School. Among the transcendentalists' core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people and nature. They believe that society and its institutions—particularly organized religion and political parties—ultimately corrupt the purity of the individual. They have faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. History[edit] Origins[edit] Transcendentalism is closely related to Unitarianism, the dominant religious movement in Boston at the early nineteenth century. Emerson's Nature[edit] So shall we come to look at the world with new eyes. The Transcendental Club[edit] Second wave of transcendentalists[edit] Notes[edit]
Luxure Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Sur cette fresque de 1727 d'une église orthodoxe, des démons tourmentent une prostituée (ê pornê, en graphie byzantine) qui a vécu dans la luxure (Agios Ioannis Prodromos, Kastoria, Grèce). La Luxure sur un chapiteau roman représentée par la femme aux seins mordus par des serpents La luxure désigne un penchant immodéré pour la pratique des plaisirs sexuels. Elle renvoie aussi à une sexualité désordonnée ou incontrôlée. Formes religieuses[modifier | modifier le code] Religion catholique[modifier | modifier le code] Pour le catholicisme, c'est l'un des sept péchés capitaux. Le théologien Thomas Gousset propose ainsi en 1848 une typologie des péchés de luxure ou péchés d'impureté consommée[3] : La luxure impliquerait cécité spirituelle, précipitation, attachement au présent, horreur ou désespoir de l'avenir. Dante évoque la luxure dans ses cercles infernaux. Anciennes religions[modifier | modifier le code] En philosophie[modifier | modifier le code]
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel The birthplace of Hegel in Stuttgart, which now houses The Hegel Museum Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (German: [ˈɡeɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡəl]; August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, and a major figure in German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of reality revolutionized European philosophy and was an important precursor to Continental philosophy and Marxism. Life[edit] Early years[edit] Childhood[edit] Hegel was born on August 27, 1770 in Stuttgart, in the Duchy of Württemberg in southwestern Germany. At age of three Hegel went to the "German School". In 1776 Hegel entered Stuttgart's Gymnasium Illustre. Tübingen (1788-93)[edit] At the age of eighteen Hegel entered the Tübinger Stift (a Protestant seminary attached to the University of Tübingen), where two fellow students were to become vital to his development - poet Friedrich Hölderlin, and philosopher-to-be Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. Bern (1793–96) and Frankfurt (1797–1801)[edit]
Gluttony Gluttony, derived from the Latin gluttire meaning to gulp down or swallow, means over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or wealth items to the point of extravagance or waste. In some Christian denominations, it is considered one of the seven deadly sins—a misplaced desire of food or its withholding from the needy. In Judaism[edit] According to the list of 613 commandments that Jews must keep according to the Rambam, gluttony or excessive eating or drinking is prohibited. In Catholicism[edit] A woodcut representing Gluttony Church leaders from the ascetic Middle Ages took a more expansive view of gluttony: Pope Gregory I, a doctor of the Church, described the following ways by which one can commit sin of gluttony, and corresponding biblical examples for each of them:[2] 1. 2. Biblical example: When Israelites escaping from Egypt complained, "Who shall give us flesh to eat? 3. 4. Biblical example: One of the sins of Sodom was "fullness of bread." 5. St. Relevance to Poverty[edit]