Pygmalion effect
A corollary of the Pygmalion effect is the golem effect, in which low expectations lead to a decrease in performance.[1] The Pygmalion effect and the golem effect are forms of self-fulfilling prophecy. People will take the belief they have of themselves (negative in this case) and attribute traits of the belief with themselves and their work. This will lead them to perform closer to these expectations that they set for themselves. Studies of the Pygmalion effect are difficult to conduct. Rosenthal–Jacobson study[edit] The purpose of the experiment was to support the hypothesis that reality can be influenced by the expectations of others. All students in a single California elementary school were given a disguised IQ test at the beginning of the study. In this experiment, Rosenthal predicted that elementary school teachers may subconsciously behave in ways that facilitate and encourage the students' success. A major limitation of this experiment was its inability to be replicated well.
Evolutionary Psychology
Sociobiology
Sociobiology is a field of scientific study which is based on the assumption that social behavior has resulted from evolution and attempts to explain and examine social behavior within that context. Often considered a branch of biology and sociology, it also draws from ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, population genetics, and other disciplines. Within the study of human societies, sociobiology is very closely allied to the fields of Darwinian anthropology, human behavioral ecology and evolutionary psychology. Sociobiology investigates social behaviors, such as mating patterns, territorial fights, pack hunting, and the hive society of social insects. While the term "sociobiology" can be traced to the 1940s, the concept didn't gain major recognition until 1975 with the publication of Edward O. Definition[edit] E.O Wilson defines sociobiology as: “The extension of population biology and evolutionary theory to social organization”[1] Introductory example[edit] E.
Faking insanity: Forensic psychologists detect signs of malingering
Illustration by Mark Alan Stamaty. When someone commits a horrific, inexplicable crime, we naturally wonder whether he’s mentally ill: Who but a crazy person could do such a thing? But when a killer acts crazy after his arrest, we also might wonder whether he’s preparing for his trial. That’s the speculation around Colorado shooter James Holmes, whose psychiatric treatment and bizarre behavior in court and prison make people wonder whether he’s truly insane or building a case for an insanity defense. It leads to the question: Can a criminal get away with faking insanity? Experts have been debating that question since the creation of the insanity defense in the mid-19th century. Today, less than 1 percent of felony defendants raise an insanity defense, and a tiny fraction of those succeed. The first step is to do a thorough review of the suspect’s history. At some point the examiner leads the discussion to the crime, which sets another trip-wire for deceivers.
Center for Evolutionary Psychology
Human behavioral ecology
Evolutionary theory[edit] Human behavioral ecology rests upon a foundation of evolutionary theory. This includes aspects of both general evolutionary theory and established middle-level evolutionary theories, as well. Aspects of general evolutionary theory include: Middle-level evolutionary theories used in HBE include: Basic principles of HBE[edit] Ecological selectionism[edit] Ecological selectionism refers to the assumption that humans are highly flexible in their behaviors. The piecemeal approach[edit] The piecemeal approach refers to taking a reductionist approach as opposed to a holistic approach in studying human socioecological behavior. Conditional strategies[edit] Human behavioral ecologists assume that what might be the most adaptive strategy in one environment might not be the most adaptive strategy in another environment. In environmental context X, engage in adaptive strategy A.In environmental context Y, engage in adaptive strategy B. The phenotypic gambit[edit] Modeling[edit]
Your DNA loves horror movies
In The Exorcist, a little girl is possessed by a demon. Although the film takes place in Western culture, even a naked rainforest Indian would be scared by the scenes with the creepy, possessed girl with the yellow cat eyes. Our DNA contains a mechanism that makes us fear rottenness and predators, says Danish researcher. The little girl sits in bed looking like a dissolved corpse. ”Your mother's in here with us, Karras. Suddenly she opens her mouth and a thick squirt of green slime hits the priest’s face. As you may have guessed by now, this is a famous scene from the classic horror movie The Exorcist. It may seem a bit odd that something this horrible and disgusting can achieve the popularity that it has. “They had to train their reactions to stressful situations, and the desire to do so became stored in their DNA – which we still carry today. Evolution taught us to fear zombies He thinks it’s obvious that our fascination with horror is genetic in some way or other. Mathias Clasen
Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Professional and Personal ... - Richard Paul, Linda Elder
Dr. Karl Jansen
Back to NDE Page Dr. Karl L. About the Author Dr. He would like to receive correspondence concening the subject of this paper. Dr. Abstract Near-death experiences (NDE's) can be reproduced by ketamine via blockade of receptors in the brain (the N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA receptors) for the neurotransmitter glutamate. Introduction The near-death experience (NDE) is a phenomenon of considerable importance to medicine, neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry, philosophy and religon (Stevenson and Greyson, 1979; Greyson and Stevenson, 1980; Ring, 1980; Sabom, 1982; Jansen, 1989a,b, 1990b). There is overwhelming evidence that 'mind' results from neuronal activity. All features of a classic NDE can be reproduced by the intravenous administration of 50 - 100 mg of ketamine (Domino et al., 1965; Rumpf ,1969; Collier, 1972; Siegel,1978, 1980,1981; Stafford, 1977; Lilly, 1978; Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1981; White, 1982; Ghoniem et al., 1985; Sputz, 1989; Jansen, 1989a,b, 1990b, 1993). A Flood of Endorphins
The Making-of Innovation » Towards Human-Centered Design
The consequence of taking customer orientation serious is to integrate them right at the heart of value creation – in new product design and development. The transitions in innovation management during the last years allow us exactly to that in a more resolute way. By democratizing knowledge and information the social media revolution strongly supported the dissemination of concepts such as open innovation and co-creation and at the same time transformed people from content consumers into content producers and even co-designers. The consequence is a change in the prevailing role models of creating new products. The ability of interdisciplinary collaboration inside and outside the firm is more essential than ever before. THE CHANGING ROLE OF PRODUCT DESIGN FOR INNOVATION Industrial design is an applied science whereby the aesthetics and usability of mass-produced products are improved for marketability and production. Figure 1: Interdisciplinary Framework of Human-Centered Innovation
