Imitative learning Imitative learning is a type of social learning whereby new behaviors are acquired via imitation.[1] Imitation aids in communication, social interaction, and the ability to modulate one's emotions to account for the emotions of others, and is "essential for healthy sensorimotor development and social functioning".[1] The ability to match one's actions to those observed in others occurs in humans and animals;[1] imitative learning plays an important role in humans in cultural development.[2] Imitative learning in animals[edit] References[edit] Inflammation Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system Medical condition Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,[1] and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. Inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic. Inflammation has also been classified as Type 1 and Type 2 based on the type of cytokines and helper T cells (Th1 and Th2) involved.[3] Inflammation is not a synonym for infection. Causes[edit] Types[edit] Acute[edit] Chronic[edit] Cardinal signs[edit] The traditional names for signs of inflammation come from Latin: Acute process[edit] A flowchart depicting the events of acute inflammation.[18]
Projective identification Psychological defense mechanism Projective identification is a term introduced by Melanie Klein and then widely adopted in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Projective identification may be used as a type of defense, a means of communicating, a primitive form of relationship, or a route to psychological change;[1] used for ridding the self of unwanted parts or for controlling the other's body and mind.[2] According to the American Psychological Association, the expression can have two meanings: Experience[edit] Though a difficult concept for the conscious mind to come to terms with,[8] since its primitive nature makes its operation or interpretation seem more like magic or art than science,[9] projective identification is nonetheless a powerful tool of interpersonal communication. Objects projected[edit] The objects (feelings, attitudes) extruded in projective identification are of various kinds – both good and bad, ideal and abjected. Intensity[edit] Types[edit] In psychotherapy[edit] R.
Interoception Sensory system that receives and integrates information from the body Interoception is involved in many different physiological systems like the cardiorespiratory system, gastrointestinal system, nociceptive system, endocrine and immune systems. Interoception is contemporarily defined as the sense of the internal state of the body.[1] This can be both conscious and non-conscious. It encompasses the brain's process of integrating signals relayed from the body into specific subregions—like the brainstem, thalamus, insula, somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex—allowing for a nuanced representation of the physiological state of the body.[2][3] This is important for maintaining homeostatic conditions[4] in the body and, potentially, facilitating self-awareness.[5] Interoceptive signals arise from many different physiological systems of the body. History and etymology[edit] Early to mid-1900s[edit] The concept of interoception was introduced in 1906 by the Nobel Laureate Sir Charles S.
A glossary of Jungian terms. I collected these terms and concepts on my journey through Jung's letters, seminars, and Collected Works as well as from my studies in Depth Psychology. Terms defined elsewhere in this document appear in italics. You might also want to peruse my Glossary of Freudian Terms and some quotations by James Hillman and Alfred Adler. And of course we all need to get Horney now and then. Abaissement du niveau mental: French psychologist Pierre Janet's term, elaborated by Jung, for a weakening of the ego due to an unconscious drainage of its psychological energy. A lowering of attention or consciousness. Kinesiogenomics Kinesiogenomics refers to the study of genetics in the various disciplines of the field of kinesiology, the study of human movement. The field has also been referred to as "exercise genomics" or "exercisenomics." Areas of study within kinesiogenomics include the role of gene sequence variation (i.e., alleles) in sport performance, identification of genes (and their different alleles) that contribute to the response and adaptation of the body's tissue systems (e.g., muscles, heart, metabolism, etc.) to various exercise-related stimuli, the use of genetic testing to predict sport performance or individualize exercise prescription, and gene doping, the potential for genetic therapy to be used to enhance sport performance. Research[edit] Within the field of kinesiogenomics, several research studies have been conducted in recent years. References[edit]
Postcolonialism Critical academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism Postcolonialism is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. More specifically, it is a critical theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of (usually European) imperial power. At times, the term postcolonial studies may be preferred to postcolonialism, as the ambiguous term colonialism could refer either to a system of government, or to an ideology or world view underlying that system. Purpose and basic concepts[edit] Colonialist discourse[edit] In La Réforme intellectuelle et morale (1871), the orientalist Ernest Renan, advocated imperial stewardship for civilizing the non–Western peoples of the world. Postcolonial identity[edit] Difficulty of definition[edit] Notable theoreticians and theories[edit] Frantz Fanon and subjugation[edit]
Kinesiology Study of human body movement Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis) 'movement', and -λογία -logía 'study of') is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, pathological, neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement. Basics[edit] Kinesiology studies the science of human movement, performance, and function by applying the fundamental sciences of Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biomechanics, Biomathematics, Biostatistics, Anatomy, Physiology, Exercise Physiology, Pathophysiology, Neuroscience, and Nutritional science. The term "kinesiologist" is not a licensed nor professional designation in many countries, with the notable exception of Canada. Principles[edit] Adaptation through exercise[edit] Adaptation through exercise is a key principle of kinesiology that relates to improved fitness in athletes as well as health and wellness in clinical populations. Ergonomics
Numinous Arousing spiritual or religious emotion; mysterious or awe-inspiring Numinous () is a term derived from the Latin numen, meaning "arousing spiritual or religious emotion; mysterious or awe-inspiring."[1] The term was given its present sense by the German theologian and philosopher Rudolf Otto in his influential 1917 German book The Idea of the Holy. Etymology[edit] Numinous was derived in the 17th century from the Latin numen, meaning a "deity or spirit presiding over a thing or space Rudolf Otto[edit] The word was given its present sense by the German theologian and philosopher Rudolf Otto in his influential 1917 book Das Heilige, which appeared in English as The Idea of the Holy in 1923.[2] Using Latin, he describes it as a mystery (Latin: mysterium) that is at once terrifying (tremendum) and fascinating (fascinans).[6] He writes: The feeling of it may at times come sweeping like a gentle tide pervading the mind with a tranquil mood of deepest worship. Later use of the concept[edit]
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid Chemical compound 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is a derivative of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, containing a hydroxyl residue at carbon 12 and a 5Z,8Z,10E,14Z Cis–trans isomerism configuration (Z=cis, E=trans) in its four double bonds. It was first found as a product of arachidonic acid metabolism made by human and bovine platelets through their 12S-lipoxygenase (i.e. ALOX12) enzyme(s).[1][2] However, the term 12-HETE is ambiguous in that it has been used to indicate not only the initially detected "S" stereoisomer, 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE or 12S-HETE), made by platelets, but also the later detected "R" stereoisomer, 12(R)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (also termed 12(R)-HETE or 12R-HETE) made by other tissues through their 12R-lipoxygenase enzyme, ALOX12B. Production[edit] [edit] Human and other mammalian cytochrome P450 enzymes convert 12(S)-HpETE to 12-oxo-ETE. Itch perception[edit] Cancer[edit]
Current Procedural Terminology The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code set is a medical code set maintained by the American Medical Association through the CPT Editorial Panel.[1] The CPT code set (copyright protected by the AMA) describes medical, surgical, and diagnostic services and is designed to communicate uniform information about medical services and procedures among physicians, coders, patients, accreditation organizations, and payers for administrative, financial, and analytical purposes. CPT coding is similar to ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding, except that it identifies the services rendered, rather than the diagnosis on the claim (ICD-10-CM was created for diagnostic coding- it took the place of Volume 3 of the ICD-9). The ICD code sets also contain procedure codes (ICD-10-PCS codes), but these are only used in the inpatient setting.[5] CPT is currently identified by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)[6] as Level 1 of the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System. Types of code[edit]
List of human endocrine organs and actions Hypothalamic-pituitary axis[edit] Hypothalamus[edit] Pineal body (epiphysis)[edit] Pituitary gland (hypophysis)[edit] The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. Anterior pituitary lobe (adenohypophysis)[edit] Posterior pituitary lobe (neurohypophysis)[edit] Oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone are not secreted in the posterior lobe, merely stored. Thyroid[edit] Digestive system[edit] Stomach[edit] Duodenum (small intestine)[edit] Liver[edit] Pancreas[edit] The pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it functions both as an endocrine and as an exocrine gland.[6] Kidney[edit] Adrenal glands[edit] Adrenal cortex[edit] Adrenal medulla[edit] Reproductive[edit] Testes[edit] Ovarian follicle and corpus luteum[edit] Placenta (when pregnant)[edit] Uterus (when pregnant)[edit] Calcium regulation[edit] Parathyroid[edit] Skin[edit] Other[edit] Heart[edit] Bone[edit] Skeletal muscle[edit] Adipose tissue[edit] References[edit]