Imitative learning Imitative learning is a type of social learning whereby new behaviors are acquired via imitation.[1] Imitation aids in communication, social interaction, and the ability to modulate one's emotions to account for the emotions of others, and is "essential for healthy sensorimotor development and social functioning".[1] The ability to match one's actions to those observed in others occurs in humans and animals;[1] imitative learning plays an important role in humans in cultural development.[2] Imitative learning in animals[edit] References[edit] Inflammation Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system Medical condition Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants,[1] and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. Inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic. Inflammation has also been classified as Type 1 and Type 2 based on the type of cytokines and helper T cells (Th1 and Th2) involved.[3] Inflammation is not a synonym for infection. Causes[edit] Types[edit] Acute[edit] Chronic[edit] Cardinal signs[edit] The traditional names for signs of inflammation come from Latin: Acute process[edit] A flowchart depicting the events of acute inflammation.[18]
Body Language Signs: The Eyes (Part II) « BODY LANGUAGE SIGNALS Warning! Reading body language is like listening to someone. Listed here are the possible meanings of many different body language signs. To avoid getting it wrong, please start with the short section “How Can You Read What People Think?” at the bottom of this page. The Eyes (Part II) - Squint during a conversation –> showing interest - Looking away –> possibly shy –> curious about the surroundings (some people naturally observe their environment more than others) –> showing interest in your other movements. Otherwise, it may be a sign that this person is attracted to you… Basically, looking at other parts of your body is part of the unconscious assessment people make about how suitable you are as a mate… Whether you like it or not, we all do this. How To Read Eye Directions Without going too deep into neuroscience, let’s look at how a person’s eye directions can tell you what they are actually thinking. You have probably heard that there are two main parts to the brain: How can you use this? Why?
Projective identification Psychological defense mechanism Projective identification is a term introduced by Melanie Klein and then widely adopted in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Projective identification may be used as a type of defense, a means of communicating, a primitive form of relationship, or a route to psychological change;[1] used for ridding the self of unwanted parts or for controlling the other's body and mind.[2] According to the American Psychological Association, the expression can have two meanings: Experience[edit] Though a difficult concept for the conscious mind to come to terms with,[8] since its primitive nature makes its operation or interpretation seem more like magic or art than science,[9] projective identification is nonetheless a powerful tool of interpersonal communication. Objects projected[edit] The objects (feelings, attitudes) extruded in projective identification are of various kinds – both good and bad, ideal and abjected. Intensity[edit] Types[edit] In psychotherapy[edit] R.
Interoception Sensory system that receives and integrates information from the body Interoception is involved in many different physiological systems like the cardiorespiratory system, gastrointestinal system, nociceptive system, endocrine and immune systems. Interoception is contemporarily defined as the sense of the internal state of the body.[1] This can be both conscious and non-conscious. It encompasses the brain's process of integrating signals relayed from the body into specific subregions—like the brainstem, thalamus, insula, somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex—allowing for a nuanced representation of the physiological state of the body.[2][3] This is important for maintaining homeostatic conditions[4] in the body and, potentially, facilitating self-awareness.[5] Interoceptive signals arise from many different physiological systems of the body. History and etymology[edit] Early to mid-1900s[edit] The concept of interoception was introduced in 1906 by the Nobel Laureate Sir Charles S.
11.01.95 - Extraordinary Births In the Aggresive Hyena World, Male-Like Moms Rule Berkeley scientists have found that the humans and spotted hyena share a surprising similarity: Females of both species often have difficulty giving birth because the newborns are unusually large and the birth passage is unusually small. In humans, the evolution of high intelligence has produced a very large head to house a large brain, but the pelvis and birth canal have narrowed to permit upright walking. In hyenas, the babies are large because they fight ferociously at birth, and the birth canal is narrow because it passes through the female's greatly enlarged clitoris, which is the size and shape of a male penis. She has no normal vagina and the clitoris is fully erectile. The extraordinary male-like anatomy and aggressive behavior of the spotted hyena has been under intense study at the Berkeley Hyena Project, under the direction of Glickman, a professor of psychology. In spotted hyenas, however, female masculinization is the norm.
A glossary of Jungian terms. I collected these terms and concepts on my journey through Jung's letters, seminars, and Collected Works as well as from my studies in Depth Psychology. Terms defined elsewhere in this document appear in italics. You might also want to peruse my Glossary of Freudian Terms and some quotations by James Hillman and Alfred Adler. And of course we all need to get Horney now and then. Abaissement du niveau mental: French psychologist Pierre Janet's term, elaborated by Jung, for a weakening of the ego due to an unconscious drainage of its psychological energy. A lowering of attention or consciousness. Kinesiogenomics Kinesiogenomics refers to the study of genetics in the various disciplines of the field of kinesiology, the study of human movement. The field has also been referred to as "exercise genomics" or "exercisenomics." Areas of study within kinesiogenomics include the role of gene sequence variation (i.e., alleles) in sport performance, identification of genes (and their different alleles) that contribute to the response and adaptation of the body's tissue systems (e.g., muscles, heart, metabolism, etc.) to various exercise-related stimuli, the use of genetic testing to predict sport performance or individualize exercise prescription, and gene doping, the potential for genetic therapy to be used to enhance sport performance. Research[edit] Within the field of kinesiogenomics, several research studies have been conducted in recent years. References[edit]
Our brains are shrinking...and why this actually means we're getting smarter If that were the case, then brains would never have gotten that large in the first place. The larger brain size was clearly worth the increased difficulty of childbirth or else it would not have evolved in the first place. Also, you can't say that because adult brainsize was bigger, then childhood brainsize was bigger. Finally, our ancestors (as pointed out in the article) didn't just have bigger brains, they were bigger, which means that EVEN IF childrens heads had been larger at birth, it might not have meant more difficult childbirth since the women might have been proportionality the same size. of all the explanations given, difficulty of childbirth is the least likely, since the way our species has dealt with this issue in the past has not been to shrink brain size but rather to shrink gestation period and provide more intensive post birth care. As I said I can't help but wonder, nothing more nothing less.
Postcolonialism Critical academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism Postcolonialism is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. More specifically, it is a critical theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of (usually European) imperial power. At times, the term postcolonial studies may be preferred to postcolonialism, as the ambiguous term colonialism could refer either to a system of government, or to an ideology or world view underlying that system. Purpose and basic concepts[edit] Colonialist discourse[edit] In La Réforme intellectuelle et morale (1871), the orientalist Ernest Renan, advocated imperial stewardship for civilizing the non–Western peoples of the world. Postcolonial identity[edit] Difficulty of definition[edit] Notable theoreticians and theories[edit] Frantz Fanon and subjugation[edit]
Kinesiology Study of human body movement Kinesiology (from Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis) 'movement', and -λογία -logía 'study of') is the scientific study of human body movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological, anatomical, biomechanical, pathological, neuropsychological principles and mechanisms of movement. Basics[edit] Kinesiology studies the science of human movement, performance, and function by applying the fundamental sciences of Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biomechanics, Biomathematics, Biostatistics, Anatomy, Physiology, Exercise Physiology, Pathophysiology, Neuroscience, and Nutritional science. The term "kinesiologist" is not a licensed nor professional designation in many countries, with the notable exception of Canada. Principles[edit] Adaptation through exercise[edit] Adaptation through exercise is a key principle of kinesiology that relates to improved fitness in athletes as well as health and wellness in clinical populations. Ergonomics
Hygiene hypothesis In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (e.g., gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system. In particular, the lack of exposure is thought to lead to defects in the establishment of immune tolerance. The hygiene hypothesis has also been called the Biome Depletion Theory and the Lost Friends Theory.[1] Overview[edit] The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989 when Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rapid 20th century rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever.[2] The rise of autoimmune diseases and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young people in the developed world was linked to the hygiene hypothesis.[10][11] History[edit] Hygiene[edit] Old friends[edit] Microbial diversity[edit]