BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Lost city 'could rewrite history' By BBC News Online's Tom Housden The remains of what has been described as a huge lost city may force historians and archaeologists to radically reconsider their view of ancient human history. Marine scientists say archaeological remains discovered 36 metres (120 feet) underwater in the Gulf of Cambay off the western coast of India could be over 9,000 years old. The vast city - which is five miles long and two miles wide - is believed to predate the oldest known remains in the subcontinent by more than 5,000 years. The site was discovered by chance last year by oceanographers from India's National Institute of Ocean Technology conducting a survey of pollution. Using sidescan sonar - which sends a beam of sound waves down to the bottom of the ocean they identified huge geometrical structures at a depth of 120ft. Lost civilisation The city is believed to be even older than the ancient Harappan civilisation, which dates back around 4,000 years. Chronological problem
Internet Sacred Text Archive Home ENUMA ELISH Sacred-Texts Ancient Near East ENUMA ELISH THE EPIC OF CREATION L.W. King Translator (from The Seven Tablets of Creation, London 1902) A more complete etext of the Seven Tablets of Creation is also available here. When in the height heaven was not named, And the earth beneath did not yet bear a name, And the primeval Apsu, who begat them, And chaos, Tiamut, the mother of them both Their waters were mingled together, And no field was formed, no marsh was to be seen; When of the gods none had been called into being, And none bore a name, and no destinies were ordained; Then were created the gods in the midst of heaven, Lahmu and Lahamu were called into being... Ages increased,... [about 30 illegible lines] ... he spake: ... thy... he hath conquered and ... he weepeth and sitteth in tribulation. ... of fear, ... we shall not lie down in peace. ... Tiamat made weighty her handiwork, Evil she wrought against the gods her children. [A gap of about a dozen lines occurs here.] They rejoiced...
How One Teacher Turned Sixth Grade Into An MMO Editor’s Note: Ben Bertoli is a long-time Kotaku reader and commenter, a lifetime, dedicated video gamer and a sixth-grade teacher in Indiana. He reached out to Kotaku this past week to share the story of how he turned his class into a role-playing game. The enthusiasm and motivation of the children in Bertoli’s class evoke the success stories seen in gamified experiences such as Fitocracy. Video games and education. I wouldn’t be as well read as I am today if it wasn’t for video games. As I was describing my video-game-related teachings to my buddy Courtny, we began talking about incorporating gaming into education. I worked on my classroom system for a month before I had it completely devised. Knowing I could get some supportive and insightful feedback I even ran the idea by my pals on Kotaku. Originally I thought I’d try ClassRealm out on my students this coming fall, but soon realised it would be too much for me to deal with at the beginning of the school year. 1.
Ancient underwater cities being found that are 10,000 years old Lost city 'could rewrite history' By BBC News Online's Tom Housden The remains of what has been described as a huge lost city may force historians and archaeologists to radically reconsider their view of ancient human history. Marine scientists say archaeological remains discovered 36 meters (120 feet) underwater in the Gulf of Cambay off the western coast of India could be over 9,000 years old. The vast city - which is five miles long and two miles wide - is believed to predate the oldest known remains in the subcontinent by more than 5,000 years. Using sidescan sonar - which sends a beam of sound waves down to the bottom of the ocean they identified huge geometrical structures at a depth of 120ft. Debris recovered from the site - including construction material, pottery, sections of walls, beads, sculpture and human bones and teeth has been carbon dated and found to be nearly 9,500 years old. Lost civilization "Nothing else on the scale of the underwater cities of Cambay is known.
Sumerian The Sumerians were one of the earliest urban societies to emerge in the world, in Southern Mesopotamia more than 5000 years ago. They developed a writing system whose wedge-shaped strokes would influence the style of scripts in the same geographical area for the next 3000 years. Eventually, all of these diverse writing systems, which encompass both logophonetic, consonantal alphabetic, and syllabic systems, became known as cuneiform. It is actually possible to trace the long road of the invention of the Sumerian writing system. Subsequently, the ancient Mesopotamians stopped using clay tokens altogether, and simply impressed the symbol of the clay tokens on wet clay surfaces. You can read more about the previous example at www.metmuseum.org. The Sumerian writing system during the early periods was constantly in flux. By 2800 BCE the writing system started to exhibit use of phonetic elements. Related Links Sumerian Language Page.
Library of Ashurbanipal The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, named after Ashurbanipal, the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, is a collection of thousands of clay tablets and fragments containing texts of all kinds from the 7th century BC. Among its holdings was the famous Epic of Gilgamesh. Due to the sloppy handling of the original material much of the library is irreparably jumbled, making it impossible for scholars to discern and reconstruct many of the original texts, although some have survived intact. The materials were found in the archaeological site of Kouyunjik (ancient Nineveh, capital of Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia. Old Persian and Armenian traditions indicate that Alexander the Great, upon seeing the great library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, was inspired to create his own library. Discovery[edit] Three years later, Hormuzd Rassam, Layard's assistant, discovered a similar "library" in the palace of King Ashurbanipal (668 - 627 BC), on the opposite side of the mound. Contents[edit]
Make Your Chocolate Butterflies | Foood Decorate your cupcakes, cakes and much more! You want to keep your tiny artwork inside the freezer before you will need to use them, and try no to handle them any more than necessary. They crack without difficulty, particularly if they’re thin or large. Press all the chocolate into the corner of the bag and draw your butterfly on the parchment paper, with the crease as a guide for the centre of the butterfly’s body. Carefully lift your parchment and set up it in your folded card stock, lining up the crease in the paper with the fold in the card stock. Set the butterflies inside the freezer to harden. Photo source: welivedhappilyeverafter.blogspot.com Theories about the Lost City of Atlantis If you like this story feel free to share... Ever since the famed Greek philosopher Plato first wrote of a fabled continent called Atlantis more than two thousand years ago, scholars have been locked in fierce debate as to whether such a place truly existed. While a few rare individuals have taken Plato’s words seriously, most scoff at the idea that an advanced civilization could vanish as completely as if it had never existed. Accounts of Atlantis are fictional The traditional position maintained by most scientists and historians over the years is that Plato’s account of a fabulously wealthy city as told in the Critias and Timaeus was merely a fictional story designed to both entertain and enlighten his readers as to the dangers of hubris and turning one’s back on the gods, and was never intended to be interpreted as an account of a real place or real events. Atlantis was fictional but the accounts of a world-wide Deluge were true Atlantis was a continent that existed in the mid-Atlantic
Akkadian language The mutual influence between Sumerian and Akkadian had led scholars to describe the languages as a sprachbund.[3] Akkadian proper names were first attested in Sumerian texts from ca. the late 29th century BC.[4] From the second half of the third millennium BC (ca. 2500 BC), texts fully written in Akkadian begin to appear. Hundreds of thousands of texts and text fragments have been excavated to date, covering a vast textual tradition of mythological narrative, legal texts, scientific works, correspondence, political and military events, and many other examples. By the second millennium BC, two variant forms of the language were in use in Assyria and Babylonia, known as Assyrian and Babylonian respectively. Akkadian had been for centuries the lingua franca in Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. Classification[edit] Within the Near Eastern Semitic languages, Akkadian forms an East Semitic subgroup (with Eblaite). History and writing[edit] Writing[edit] Development[edit] Decipherment[edit]
Legendary Diamonds from History If you like this story feel free to share... 10.Tiffany Yellow Diamond The Tiffany Yellow Diamond is one of the largest yellow diamonds ever discovered; it weighed 287.42 carats in the rough when discovered in 1878 in the Kimberley mine in South Africa. 9.Centenary Diamond On March 1, 1988, De Beers was having a big bash to celebrate their 100 years in business. 8.Hope Diamond The Hope Diamond is a large, 45.52 carats (9.10 g), deep-blue diamond, housed in the Smithsonian Natural History Museum in Washington, D.C. 7.Orlov Diamond The Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff) is a large diamond that is part of the collection of the Diamond Fund of the Moscow Kremlin. 6.Klopman diamond The Klopman diamond is a fabulous, legendaryand huge diamond, said to have a curse associated with it. The Klopman diamond was originally the subject of a traditional joke, a typical version of which is: A later joke of Myron Cohen, similar in nature, goes as follows: The very same Mrs. 5.Spoonmaker’s Diamond The K?
Economy and Writing Development of Southern Mesopotamian Economic Structure Early Antecedents of Sumerian Economic Structure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Sumerian Economic Hierarchy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Economic Functions of Sumer 1. 2. - built and maintained irrigation systems. - constructed the temples and other administrative buildings. - supervised secondary agricultural communities within the city- state. - employed craftsmen to produce the metal, textile, ceramic, and cylinder seals required by the central authority. - engaged in long-distance trade. 3. 4. 5. 6. Private Economic Enterprise and Ownership: “Manors” to Oikos. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.