Highly useful Linux commands & configurations

Update, August 2010: A few broken links fixed; thank you, George! Update, September 2008: A few errors corrected; thank you, Umarzuki! Oh, you're gonna love this article! Even though there are many websites hawking similar content, with varying degree of clarity and quality, I want to offer a short, easy-to-use guide to some of the most common yet highly useful commands that could help make your Linux experience more joyful. Now that you have read some of my installation guides, you have probably setup your system and configured the basic settings. However, I'm positive that some of you must have encountered certain difficulties - a missing package, a missing driver. Therefore, this article was born, in order to offer simple solutions to some of the more widespread problems that one might face during and immediately after a Linux installation. This article will refer to Ubuntu Linux distribution as the demonstration platform. What am I going to write about? Here are the topics. Basic tips .

Linux Directory Structure (File System Structure) Explained with Examples by Ramesh Natarajan on September 8, 2010 Have you wondered why certain programs are located under /bin, or /sbin, or /usr/bin, or /usr/sbin? For example, less command is located under /usr/bin directory. Why not /bin, or /sbin, or /usr/sbin? What is the different between all these directories? In this article, let us review the Linux filesystem structures and understand the meaning of individual high-level directories. 1. / – Root Every single file and directory starts from the root directory.Only root user has write privilege under this directory.Please note that /root is root user’s home directory, which is not same as /. 2. Contains binary executables.Common linux commands you need to use in single-user modes are located under this directory.Commands used by all the users of the system are located here.For example: ps, ls, ping, grep, cp. 3. 4. 5. Contains device files.These include terminal devices, usb, or any device attached to the system.For example: /dev/tty1, /dev/usbmon0 6. 7. 8. 9.

20 Linux System Monitoring Tools Every SysAdmin Should Know Need to monitor Linux server performance? Try these built-in commands and a few add-on tools. Most Linux distributions are equipped with tons of monitoring. These tools provide metrics which can be used to get information about system activities. Finding out bottlenecks.Disk (storage) bottlenecks.CPU and memory bottlenecks.Network bottlenecks. #1: top - Process Activity Command The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system i.e. actual process activity. Fig.01: Linux top command Commonly Used Hot Keys The top command provides several useful hot keys: => Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization? #2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity. # vmstat 3 Sample Outputs: Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo # vmstat -m Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages #3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing PID TTY TIME CMD 1 ?

Powerpoint 2010 Shortcuts - KeyRocket Shortcut Database Never look up a shortcut again. Anyone who uses Powerpoint knows how important it is to work as quickly as possible. However, constantly looking up shortcuts severely hurts your speed and efficiency. With KeyRocket, you’ll never have to look up another shortcut again. KeyRocket suggests relevant keyboard shortcuts with subtle notifications inside of Powerpoint. This allows you to learn new shortcuts without interrupting your workflow. Gain access to all of Microsoft’s default shortcuts. KeyRocket provides access to all of Microsoft’s default shortcuts in one single program. Create custom shortcuts for frequently used actions. Many of Powerpoint’s default shortcuts are overly long and complex.