Kardashev scale Measure of a civilization's evolution The Kardashev scale (Russian: Шкала́ Кардашёва, romanized: Shkalá Kardashova) is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. The measure was proposed by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev (1932–2019)[1] in 1964[2] and was named after him. The scale is hypothetical, and refers to energy consumption on a cosmic scale. Various extensions of the scale have since been proposed, including a wider range of power levels (Types 0, IV, and V) and the use of metrics other than pure power (e.g., computational growth or food consumption).[3][4] Kardashev first outlined his scale in a paper presented at the 1964 Byurakan conference in Armenia, a scientific meeting that reviewed the Soviet radio astronomy space listening program. A Type I civilization is able to access all the energy available on its planet and store it for consumption. Origin of the classification and
Moonfall (film) 2022 film by Roland Emmerich The film was theatrically released in the United States on February 4, 2022, by Lionsgate and Summit Entertainment, and in the United Kingdom on the same day by Entertainment Film Distributors. It became one of the largest box-office bombs of all time, grossing only $67 million worldwide, and received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. In 2011, astronauts Brian Harper, Jocinda "Jo" Fowler, and newcomer Marcus are on a Space Shuttle mission to repair a satellite. A mysterious swarm of alien technology attacks the orbiter, killing Marcus and knocking Jo unconscious before tunneling into the surface of the Moon. Brian, the only witness to the swarm, returns the crippled shuttle to Earth, but his story is dismissed and he is fired from NASA. Ten years later, conspiracy theorist K.C. As lunar orbit deteriorates, the Moon falls closer and closer to Earth, causing seismic and gravitational disturbances. Writer, director, and producer Roland Emmerich
Warm-Blooded Plants and Freeze-Dried Fish by Freeman J. Dyson At that time most of the shuttle missions were carrying unmanned satellites into orbit for various purposes -- some scientific, some commercial, and some military. These launching jobs could just as well have been done automatically. Only a few of the shuttle missions really need people on board, to do experiments or to repair the Hubble Space Telescope, for example. After failing to eviscerate the shuttle, I wandered into the museum of the Johnson Space Center, where there is a collection of rocks that astronauts brought back from the Moon. It seemed like a miracle. Things have changed since then. The Europa Ocean NOTHER place where life might now be flourishing is in a deep ocean on Jupiter's satellite Europa. To land a spacecraft on Europa, with the heavy equipment needed to penetrate the ice and explore the ocean directly, would be a formidable undertaking. Freeze-dried fish orbiting Jupiter is a fanciful notion, but nature in the biological realm has a tendency to be fanciful.
Split (2016 American film) Film by M. Night Shyamalan Split is a 2016 American psychological thriller film written, directed and produced by M. Principal photography began on November 11, 2015, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kevin Wendell Crumb, a man struggling with dissociative identity disorder (DID) rooted in his history of childhood abuse and abandonment, has been managing living with his 23 distinct personalities well for several years with help from his therapist, Dr. Just outside Philadelphia, Dennis kidnaps three girls — Claire, Casey and Marcia — when they are waiting in the car of Claire's father to get driven home from a birthday party. Dr. Mars sample return mission Sample return concept A Mars sample return mission (MSR) would be a spaceflight mission to collect rock and dust samples from Mars and to return them to Earth. Sample return would be a very powerful type of exploration, because analysis is freed from the time, budget, and space constraints of spacecraft sensors.[1] All of Earth's laboratories could potentially study a sample.[1] According to Louis Friedman, Executive Director of The Planetary Society, a Mars sample return mission is often described by the planetary science community as the "holy grail" of robotic space missions, due to its high expected scientific return-on-investment.[2] Over time, several missions were planned but none of the proposed missions got beyond the planning phase. MSR was the highest priority Flagship Mission proposed for NASA by the Planetary Decadal Survey 2013-2022: The Future of Planetary Science.[3] Scientific value[edit] History[edit] SCIM[edit] NASA-ESA plan[edit] NASA proposals[edit] Additional plans[edit]
Unstoppable (2010 film) 2010 film by Tony Scott Unstoppable is a 2010 American disaster action thriller film directed and produced by Tony Scott and starring Denzel Washington and Chris Pine. It is based on the real-life CSX 8888 incident, telling the story of a runaway freight train and the two men who attempt to stop it. It was the last film Tony Scott directed before his death in 2012. The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 12, 2010. It received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $167 million against a production budget between $85–100 million. While two yard hostlers are moving a mixed-freight Allegheny and West Virginia Railroad (AWVR) train at Fuller Yard in northern Pennsylvania, Dewey, the engineer, realizes that a trailing-point switch ahead is not correctly aligned and leaves the cab of lead locomotive 777 to change it, setting the throttle to idle. As Frank predicted, the train barrels through the portable derailers unhindered.
The Dialectic of the Nature-Society-System | Fuchs | tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society Abstract There are four logical possibilities for conceiving the relationship of nature and society: the reduction of society to nature, the projection of nature into society, dualism, and a nature-society-dialectic. This differentiation results in four different approaches. Keywords nature; society; social theory ‘Infinity Pool’ and the Battle for an R Rating To fans of Brandon Cronenberg, a director of grisly horror movies, an NC-17 rating from the Motion Picture Association is cause for excitement: What new forms of mutilation does this provocateur have in store? But to a filmmaker looking for a wide theatrical release — as Cronenberg was for “Infinity Pool,” opening on Friday — the rating is akin to the kiss of death. By definition, NC-17 simply means no children 17 or younger can be admitted, but in practice, there are more restrictions. Last year, the kiss was bestowed on “Infinity Pool,” a Sundance premiere starring Alexander Skarsgard and Mia Goth that deals liberally in sex and gore. He first decided to go back to the editing room, setting up a familiar Hollywood dance between artistic independence and a desire for commercial success. “It’s always fixable because you can always cut things,” Cronenberg said in a video call. “The total time off of the movie is probably like five seconds,” Noble said. IT’S POSSIBLE THAT CHANGE is coming.
Outline for talk on dialectics of technology revolution Outline for talk on dialectics of technology revolution Readings K. Marx, "The development of machinery", Capital, Chapter XV, Section I N.Peery, "Dialectics of the leap and the destruction of capitalism," Rally, Comrades! Supplemental Readings L. Chart (pdf) I. Since dialectics describes the universal process of development and change, it can be applied to understanding any phenomena. The central relationship in the process of history is that between the relatively mobile productive forces, and the relatively static productive relations. The productive forces themselves develop dialectically. By examining the process of the development of the productive forces, we can not only understand dialectics better, but we can also better understand the way that the productive forces come into conflict with productive relations, the precursor to the revolutionary moment. Epoch summarizes the principles of dialectics as follows: 1) Nature is a connected and integrated whole. Interconnectedness: 1. 2. 3. 4.
A War-Waging Computer Is Hero-Villain of 'Forbin' EARLY in "The Forbin Project," Colossus, a supercomputer that controls the United States's military defense system, goes into an unprogrammed rage and launches a missile toward the Soviet Union. The President of the United States turns to Forbin, the man who invented Colossus, and gives him a petulant look that seems to say: "There goes the stock market . . . . the urban vote . . . . my golf game . . . .my image. You've made a fool out of me."It's one of the appealing things about "The Forbin Project," an unpretentious science fiction film with a satiric point of view, that when the world is about to blow up, the President of the United States can only bring to the occasion something akin to embarrassment.The film, which opened yesterday at the Cinema Rendezvous, is no "Dr. THE FORBIN PROJECT, directed by Joseph Sargent; screenplay by James Bridges, based on the novel "Colossus" by D. F.
Waking From Sleep: The Causes of Higher States of Consciousness By STEVE TAYLOR— Higher states of consciousness (HSCs) – or awakening experiences, as I prefer to call them – are moments of revelation, when we perceive reality at a heightened intensity. The world around us comes to life, and is filled with an atmosphere of harmony and meaning. We experience ourselves as part of this oneness too, and feel ecstatic or serene. These experiences are sometimes associated with meditation, nature or psychedelic drugs, but what exactly is it that causes them? Neuroscientists generally believe that HSCs are caused by changes in brain activity. My view is that there are two basic types of awakening experiences, which have two distinct causes. Indigenous peoples often fast and deprive themselves of sleep as a preparation for rituals, dance and vision quests, using physical deprivation as a way of ‘purifying’ themselves. Pain can also be used as a way of inducing awakening experiences. Intensifying Life-Energy Sports can trigger awakening experiences too.
Total Recall (1990 film) 1990 film directed by Paul Verhoeven Shusett bought the rights to Dick's short story in 1974 and developed a script with O'Bannon. Although considered promising, the ambitious scope kept the project in development hell at multiple studios over sixteen years, seeing forty script drafts, seven different directors, and multiple actors cast as Quaid. Total Recall was anticipated to be one of the year's most successful films. In 2084, Mars is a colonized world under the tyrannical regime of Vilos Cohaagen, who controls the mining of valuable turbinium ore. En route, Quaid is attacked by men led by his colleague Harry because Quaid unknowingly revealed his past; Quaid's instincts take over and he kills his assailants. On Mars, Quaid evades Richter and, following a note from Hauser, travels to Venusville, a district populated by humans and those mutated by air pollution and radiation. Cohaagen awaits them in the reactor control room, claiming that activating it will destroy the planet. Books