Philosophy - Definition Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.[1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument.[3] In more casual speech, by extension, "philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group".[4] The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom".[5][6][7] The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.[8] Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. These include epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.[9][10] Some of the major areas of study are considered individually below. Epistemology Rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Logic
Women In Buddhism Part III, by Rev. Patti Nakai by Rev. Patti Nakai Part Three: The Power and Participation of Women in Mahayana Buddhism In the last installment, I talked about the early form of Buddhism called Theravada ("the elders"). This form was later called Hinayana ("small vehicle") by the movement which developed a few hundred years after Buddha's death. This movement, known as Mahayana ("large vehicle"), grew as more and more serious seekers realized that Theravada's insistence on following hundreds of rules and suppressing physical desires was really an attachment to fixed ideas. What was desired was a path to experiencing the ultimate truth of impermanence which the Buddha taught. Northern India (Ghandara) While Theravada Buddhism became established in southern India and neighboring countries, Mahayana flourished in northern India. China Mahayana Buddhism spread to China from Central Asia. During the Heian period in Japan, women produced honored literary works like The Tale of Genji. Library Menu | Home
Buddhism Indian religion or philosophy based on the Buddha's teachings Buddhism ( BUU-dih-zəm, BOOD-), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (transl. "doctrines and disciplines"), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha.[3] It originated in present-day North India as a śramaṇa–movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia via the Silk Road. It is the world's fourth-largest religion,[4] with over 520 million followers (Buddhists) who comprise seven percent of the global population.[7] Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravāda (lit. Etymology Buddhism is an Indian religion[22] or philosophy. Followers of Buddhism, called Buddhists in English, referred to themselves as Sakyan-s or Sakyabhiksu in ancient India.[25][26] Buddhist scholar Donald S. The Buddha Enlightenment of Buddha, Kushan dynasty, late 2nd to early 3rd century CE, Gandhara Worldview The cycle of rebirth
Plato - Philosopher Plato (/ˈpleɪtoʊ/; Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn "broad"pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BCE) was a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece. He is considered an essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, and he founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his teacher Socrates and his most famous student, Aristotle, Plato laid the foundations of Western philosophy and science.[2] Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. Biography Early life Little can be known about Plato's early life and education, due to very few accounts. Birth and family Name Education Plato and Pythagoras Later life
Shakya Shakya (Sanskrit: Śākya, Devanagari: शाक्य, Pāli: Sākya) is a Suryavanshi [1] Kshatriya [2] clan of the ancient Vedic period(1500-500 BCE). The name is derived from the Sanskrit word śakya which means capable, able. The Genealogy of Shakyas is found in Book IV of the Vishnu Purana,[3] the Bhagavata Purana[4] and the Brahma Purana.[5] The Śākyas formed an independent republican state, known as Sakya Gaṇa-rājya. The Śākya capital was Kapilavastu (Pāli: Kapilavatthu) in present-day Nepal, which lies near the border of the present-day Uttar Pradesh state of India.[6] The most famous Shakya was the prince Siddhartha Shakya (5th century BCE) who was the founder of Buddhism and came to be known as Gautama Buddha. History[edit] The accounts of the Purāṇas[edit] Descendants of Kusha, son of Lord Rama (Bhagavata Purana) Descendants of Kusha (..continued) (Bhagavata Purana). The Genealogy of Shakyas is found in Book IV of the Vishnu Purana,[3] the Bhagavata Purana[4] and the Brahma Purana.[5]
Budismo Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Budismo (páli/sânscrito: बौद्ध धर्म Buddha Dharma) é uma religião[1] e filosofia[1] [2] não-teísta[1] que abrange uma variedade de tradições, crenças e práticas, baseadas nos ensinamentos atribuídos a Siddhartha Gautama, mais conhecido como Buda (páli/sânscrito: "O Iluminado"). Buda viveu e desenvolveu seus ensinamentos no nordeste do subcontinente indiano, entre os séculos VI e IV a. C.[3] . Ele é reconhecido pelos adeptos como um mestre iluminado que compartilhou suas ideias para ajudar os seres sencientes a alcançar o fim do sofrimento (ou Dukkha), alcançando o Nirvana (páli: Nibbana) e escapando do que é visto como um ciclo de sofrimento do renascimento.[4] Os ensinamentos de Buda Shakyamuni chegaram ao Tibete pela primeira vez no século V. As quatro escolas; posteriormente, após um período em que um dos reis tentou dizimar o budismo do país, houve um novo fluxo de mestres indianos e novas traduções de textos sagrados.
Socrates - Philosopher Socrates (/ˈsɒkrətiːz/;[2] Greek: Σωκράτης [sɔːkrátɛːs], Sōkrátēs; 470/469 – 399 BC)[1] was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is "hidden behind his 'best disciple', Plato".[3] Through his portrayal in Plato's dialogues, Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics, and it is this Platonic Socrates who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method, or elenchus. Socratic problem Nothing written by Socrates remains extant. Socrates as a figure Socrates as a philosopher Biography Early life Military service Arrest of Leon Trial and death Notes
Buddhism: What should someone read to start learning about Buddhism 'Allegory of the Cave' Plato has Socrates describe a gathering of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall by things passing in front of a fire behind them, and begin to designate names to these shadows. The shadows are as close as the prisoners get to viewing reality. He then explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall do not make up reality at all, as he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the mere shadows seen by the prisoners. The Allegory may be related to Plato's Theory of Forms, according to which the "Forms" (or "Ideas"/"Archetypes"), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. Synopsis[edit] Imprisonment in the Cave[edit] Socrates suggests that, for the prisoners, the shadows of artifacts would constitute reality. See also[edit]
The Buddhist Blog