Transatlantic Slave Trade The transatlantic slave trade is unique within the universal history of slavery for three main reasons: its duration - approximately four centuriesthose vicitimized: black African men, womenand children the intellectual legitimization attempted on its behalf - the development of an anti-black ideology and its legal organization, the notorious Code noir. As a commercial and economic enterprise, the slave trade provides a dramatic example of the consequences resulting from particular intersections of history and geography. It involved several regions and continents: Africa, America, the Caribbean, Europe and the Indian Ocean. The transatlantic slave trade is often regarded as the first system of globalization. The transatlantic slave trade was the biggest deportation in history and a determining factor in the world economy of the 18th century. Triangular TradeThe transatlantic slave trade, often known as the triangular trade, connected the economies of three continents.
HISTORY OF SLAVERY The horrors of the slave trade do not go unnoticed in England, however hard the traders try to justify their activities (even, preposterously, proclaiming the care and consideration which they show to their precious cargo). The first sharp prick to the public's conscience comes in 1688 with the publication of Aphra Behn's novel Oroonoko (about the sufferings of an African prince and his loved one, transported by the English to slavery in Surinam). By this time the Quakers are already prominent in their condemnation of this inhuman trade, with the society's founder, George Fox, speaking strongly against it. Artdaily.org - The First Art Newspaper on the Net History - British History in depth: Africa and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
Slavery Throughout the World: World History in Context No system of slavery has persisted on a significant scale unless supported by continuing systematic introductions of fresh captives: strangers brought into the slaveholding society without the cultural knowledge of seasoned slaves, not to mention the inherited rights accorded locally born members of the host community. Trade as a source of such newcomers has the specific connotation of purposive investment in--and organized movements of--people, by merchants in a commercialized economy. Otherwise, small numbers of dependent newcomers might enter localized communities through occasional, ad hoc transfers from neighbors, below the threshold of such an organized "trade." Distressed persons have offered themselves...View More
Channel We’ve created the Huntington Channel to share lectures and conferences with the world as a testament to the vitality of the intellectual work done here. We’ve been capturing audio and posting it on iTunes U for some time; that’s now all available here. And, with video, we’re providing our online audience with an even richer experience, almost as if you were seated in the auditorium itself. Upcoming: May 11 - Livestream event: Hilary Mantel: 'I Met a Man Who Wasn't There.’ The Tudor statesman Thomas Cromwell was described by an eminent historian as ’not biographable.’ Coming Soon: May 15 - Carnegie Lecture Series: How We See Inside a Star with Sound Jennifer van Saders, Carnegie-Princeton Fellow, will discuss how the technique of astroseismology has revolutionized scientists’ view of the internal workings of stars. Missed a live event? The Art of Farming: How a Farmer Sees the Future May 7, 2017 Carnegie Lecture Series: Exoplanet Genetics May 1, 2017 April 18, 2017 April 17, 2017 April 12, 2017
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Roll over names of designated regions on the map above for descriptions of the role of each in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The North American mainland played a relatively minor role in the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Its ports sent out less than five percent of all known voyages, and its slave markets absorbed less than four percent of all slaves carried off from Africa. An intra-American trade in slaves – originating in the Caribbean - supplied additional slaves, however. This region was exceptional in the Americas in that a positive rate of natural population growth began relatively early, thus reducing the dependence of the region on coerced migrants. The Caribbean was one of the two major broad regional markets for slaves from Africa. Brazil was the center of the slave trade carried on under the Portuguese flag, both before and after Brazilian independence in 1822, and Portugal was by far the largest of the national carriers.
From Abigail Smith Adams to Cotton Tufts, 28 November 1800 Columbia City of Washington Novbr 28 1800 Dear Sir I feel as tho I was much further removed from all my Friends and Connections <, Start deletion,in, End,> at the State of Massachusetts, than one hundred and 50 miles from Philadelphia could make me. as to politicks, I believe it best not to say any thing upon the Subject at present; I must leave them to a certain General who has so well understood the art of warfare, as to miss his mark and wound himself instead of destroying his opponent, at least this is the universal voice as reported from every quarter where his Letter has circulated—grose falshoods he has told—as well as some truths the person he meant to serve, he has injured, and the one he designd to injure, he has Served— I have not heard from you Since I left home I hope you will write and let me know how you do, as my friends whom I left sick. inclosed is a Bill out of which I will thank you to pay Col. I rejoice with all my Heart at the Success and Gallantry of capt.
Age of Revolution: Positivism in Latin America Based on the writings of French philosopher and social reformer Auguste Comte , positivist doctrine swept large parts of urban Latin America in the late 19th century, from Mexico City to Buenos Aires, profoundly influencing intellectual currents, economic and political trends, state ideologies, forms of state organization, urban planning, immigration policies, literary styles, and related developments. Comte’s philosophy of positivism, an elaborate, opaque, and in some respects bizarre body of thought, built on the rationalism of the scientific revolution and Enlightenment to posit three stages in intellectual history: theological, metaphysical, and positive. The third stage, which in Comte’s view humanity was on the cusp of achieving, was characterized by direct empirical observation, scientific experimentation, and purely rational thought. It also meant the suppression of political liberalism in the forms of free speech, freedom of assembly, and other rights of citizenship.
Amistad (1997) Unarmed. Not wearing a seatbelt. Running away. Police are more likely to shoot if you’re black. | Why cops shoot | investigations In the past three years, police shootings have sparked an unprecedented series of protests across the country. Groups led by Black Lives Matter said the shootings were part of a larger pattern of racial discrimination. Law enforcement officials said they weren’t. So we examined every Florida police shooting from 2009 to 2014, using police reports, news articles, lawsuits and autopsies to break down each one to its most basic traits. Each dot represents one person who was shot. Most of the people were either black or white. More black people were shot, even though whites in Florida outnumber blacks 3 to 1. Take away the least debatable cases, where people were involved in violent crimes or threatened police with weapons. Here’s what’s left. Now the numbers skew even more black. Then think about what raises the most questions when a police officer shoots someone. Shot while unarmed? Blacks outnumbered whites 2 to 1. Or while reaching for something that officers thought was a weapon — but wasn’t.