Mindset Theory - Fixed vs. Growth Mindset (Dweck) Mindset Theory Your intelligence and other characteristics – where do they come from? Can they change? People vary in the degree to which they attribute the causes of intelligence and other traits. Carol S. Keywords: mindset, intelligence, traits, fixed mindset, growth mindset Mindset Theory – Fixed vs. Dweck proposed that the implicit theories that people hold for the nature and causes of intelligence have a number of implications, particularly for motivation to practice and learn[1]. “Mindset” refers to implicit theories that individuals hold regarding the nature of intelligent behavior; to the degree that individuals attribute intelligence to fixed traits, they hold a “fixed” theory of intelligence (that is, a fixed mindset), and to the degree that they attribute intelligence to learning, effort, training, and practice, they hold a “growth” theory of intelligence (that is, a growth mindset). A growth mindset, on the other hand, attributes success to learning. References Dweck, C.
5 ways to build lasting self-esteem Monica Ramos Many of us recognize the value of improving our feelings of self-worth. When our self-esteem is higher, we not only feel better about ourselves, we are more resilient as well. Brain scan studies demonstrate that when our self-esteem is higher, we are likely to experience common emotional wounds such as rejection and failure as less painful, and bounce back from them more quickly. When our self-esteem is higher, we are also less vulnerable to anxiety; we release less cortisol into our bloodstream when under stress, and it is less likely to linger in our system. But as wonderful as it is to have higher self-esteem, it turns out that improving it is no easy task. Part of the problem is that our self-esteem is rather unstable to begin with, as it can fluctuate daily, if not hourly. Lastly, having high self-esteem is indeed a good thing, but only in moderation. That said, it is certainly possible to improve our self-esteem if we go about it the right way. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
What Is Self-Esteem? Having healthy self-esteem can influence your motivation, your mental well-being, and your overall quality of life. However, having self-esteem that is either too high or too low can be problematic. Better understanding what your unique level of self-esteem is can help you strike a balance that is just right for you. What Is Self-Esteem? In psychology, the term self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall subjective sense of personal worth or value. In other words, self-esteem may be defined as how much you appreciate and like yourself regardless of the circumstances. Self-confidenceFeeling of security IdentitySense of belongingFeeling of competence Other terms that are often used interchangeably with self-esteem include self-worth, self-regard, and self-respect. Self-esteem tends to be lowest in childhood and increases during adolescence, as well as adulthood, eventually reaching a fairly stable and enduring level. Why Self-Esteem Is Important Theories Factors That Affect Self-Esteem
Types of Mindset -can influence a child's feelings... Culture influences young people's self-esteem: Fulfillment of value priorities of other individuals important to youth -- ScienceDaily Regardless of our personal values, we base most of our self-esteem on the fulfilment of the dominant values of our culture, reveals a global survey supervised by Maja Becker, a social psychologist at the CLLE (Laboratoire Cognition, Langue, Langages, Ergonomie, CNRS / Université de Toulouse II-Le Mirail). The results of the study, involving more than 5,000 teenagers and young adults in 19 countries, were recently published online in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. We can all think of situations that give us a positive image of ourselves, such as success at school or at work, satisfying relationships with friends and family, living up to our moral standards in our interactions with others or having desirable possessions. We can also think of other things we are less proud of and that do not make us feel so good about ourselves. Seen in this light, self-esteem seems to be a mainly collaborative, as opposed to individual, undertaking.
Social Comparison What is the Social Comparison Theory? – The Psychology Notes Headquarters The Social Comparison Theory was developed by social psychologist Leon Festinger. There are two versions of this theory. The old one states that members of a particular group would want to be parallel with each other because a uniform agreement must be made so that the group is able to come up with a common decision. Hypotheses of the Social Comparison Theory In Festinger’s book of Social Comparison Processes, he provided hypotheses which provide good analysis of his theory. Every individual is capable of forming his own opinions and even affirming his beliefs. The second hypothesis states that “to the extent that objective and non-social means are not available, people evaluate their opinions and abilities by comparing respectively with opinions and abilities of others”. Say for example, you would want to know how intelligent you really are. Types of social comparison There are 2 types of comparison: (1) Upward Comparison (2) Downward Comparison Self-evaluation and self-enhancement
Self-Perception Theory (Bem) Summary: Self-perception theory describes the process in which people, lacking initial attitudes or emotional responses, develop them by observing their own behavior and coming to conclusions as to what attitudes must have driven that behavior. Originators and Key Contributors: Psychologist Daryl Bem originally developed this theory of attitude formation in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Keywords: identity, perception, behavior, attitude, marketing, therapy Self-Perception Theory Self-perception theory is counterintuitive. Self-Perception Experiments Daryl Bem, the originator of the theory, conducted an original experiment that involved subjects who listened to a recording of a man describing a peg-turning task enthusiastically. A number of studies since have confirmed that self-perception theory exists, and furthermore, influences us in many unexpected contexts. Jeremy N. Current Applications Self-perception theory lends itself to be useful in therapy or persuasion-related contexts.
Implicit Personality Theory: Cultural DifferencesAmerican... In Western cultures, people have and Independent view... Here's a Test to Tell You If You Are a High Self-Monitor -- Science of Us Photo: Michael Blann/Getty Images There are those people — you know who you are — who always know just what to say, and how to behave, and what to wear, no matter where they are or whom they’re with. You could invite them to a black-tie wedding or trivia night at a dive bar, and either way, they’ll figure out how to fit right in. And then there are those — you know who you are, too — who are always, utterly themselves, no matter the context. After all, they reason, why would anyone want to go around faking their personality? Mark Snyder, a psychology researcher at the University of Minnesota, has been dividing the world in two this way for as long as he can remember. High self-monitors, then, are all about image. Before we go any farther, however, perhaps you’d like to know which one you are. Your Results Mark Snyder, via the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology A hypothetical situation to ponder: It’s a sunny Saturday, and you happen to be a tennis player. Nobody is wrong.
Self-Monitoring | Encyclopedia of Psychology Self-monitoring is the act of observing and regulating one’s own behavior in a social context. Most people self-monitor to some degree, falling somewhere in a wide spectrum — from high monitoring to almost zero monitoring — which is strongly tied to other personality traits. Those who monitor themselves in a highly meticulous manner are considered high self-monitors. They tend to project a particular image of themselves in order to fit in or impress others. Low self-monitors, on the other hand, tend to regulate themselves according to their own internal beliefs and are typically less concerned with social context. Those who do not self-monitor at all may come across as pushy, aggressive and uncompromising. In 1974, American social psychologist Mark Snyder developed a scale to measure whether people were high or low self-monitors. Research on self-monitoring in relationships has found that high self-monitors tend to have more dating and sexual partners, compared to low self-monitors.
Why Self-Awareness Matters and How You Can be More Self-Aware From the ancient Greek Aphorism “know thyself” to the western psychology, the topic of self-awareness has always been an intriguing subject of inquiry of philosophers and psychologists for the last century. So What is Self-Awareness Exactly? The psychological study of self-awareness can be first traced back to 1972 when Psychologists Shelley Duval and Robert Wicklund’s developed the theory of self-awareness. They proposed that: “when we focus our attention on ourselves, we evaluate and compare our current behavior to our internal standards and values. In essence, they consider self-awareness as a major mechanism of self-control. Psychologist Daniel Goleman (1946) Psychologist Daniel Goleman, has proposed a more popular definition of self-awareness in his best-selling book “Emotional Intelligence”, as “knowing one’s internal states, preference, resources and intuitions”. This definition places more emphasis on the ability to monitor our inner world, our thoughts and emotions as they arise.
Self Awareness Theory (SAT)