Outil Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Description[modifier | modifier le code] Le domaine d'application limite également l'usage du terme d'outil : Toutefois ces limitations sont peu précises, le terme outil reste un terme du langage courant pouvant difficilement s'utiliser pour définir une catégorie technique précise. Au sens figuré, il s'agit d’outils pédagogiques pour désigner du matériel ou des pratiques didactiques. Par extension, le terme d'outil peut s'appliquer à des outils virtuels : Pérennité[modifier | modifier le code] Le choix d'une matière ou d'une forme pour un objet finalisé, afin de le rendre apte à remplir sa fonction, n'en fait pas pour autant un outil. Les outils rudimentaires ou primitifs supportent mal cette caractéristique. L'outil de toutes façons vieillit et finit à la poubelle, par ce qu'on peut appeler d'une façon générale l'usure. Chez l'humain[modifier | modifier le code] Énergie non animale[modifier | modifier le code] Annexes[modifier | modifier le code]
Nanorobotics Nanorobotics is the emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters).[1][2][3] More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots, with devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.[4][5] The names nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nanomachines or nanomites have also been used to describe these devices currently under research and development.[6][7] Nanomachines are largely in the research-and-development phase,[8] but some primitive molecular machines and nanomotors have been tested. An example is a sensor having a switch approximately 1.5 nanometers across, capable of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample. Another definition is a robot that allows precision interactions with nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. Nanorobotics theory[edit] Biochip[edit]
Ken Rinaldo; Autopoiesis is a group consciousness of interactive robotic sculptures - robotic art Autopoiesis, is a robotic sculpture installation commissioned by the Kiasma Museum in Helsinki, Finland as part of Outoaly, the Alien Intelligence Exhibition curated by Erkki Huhtamo, 2000. It consists of fifteen robotic sound sculptures that interact with the public and modify their behaviors over time. These behaviors change based on feedback from infrared sensors, the presence of the participant/viewers in the exhibition and the communication between each separate sculpture. This series of robotic sculptures talk with each other through a computer network and audible telephone tones, which are a musical language for the group. Autopoiesis is "self making", a characteristic of all living systems which was defined and refined by Francisco Varella and Humberto Maturana. Autopoiesis utilizes a number of unique approaches to create this complex and evolving environment. Autopoiesis continually evolves its own behaviors in response to the unique environment and viewer/participant inputs.
Resources : Autopoiesis There exists a large body of work by two Chilean biologists, Humberto Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, usually referred to collectively as Autopoietic theory. At the heart of this work lies the description of a process, called 'Autopoiesis'. This body of theory concerns the dynamics of living systems, purporting to answer the question "what is the characteristic organization of living systems?" The process of Autopoiesis lies at the heart of the answer. Maturana-the-biologist was unhappy with enumerating features of living systems to define 'life', and wanted to capture the invariant feature of living systems around which natural selection operates. The process called 'Autopoiesis' purports to capture this invariant feature of living systems, which are characterised as 'living machines'. The wider body of Autopoietic theory expresses this idea, and a number of other ideas supporting and expanding on it, representing a complete and coherent worldview.