HI-ModernismAngst. (1) Feminism, Fascism & Futurism: Establising the Extreme 1909 -1952 | Rich Fox. (1) Making Nothing Happen: Yeats, Heidegger, Pessoa, and the Emergence of Post-Romanticism | James Corby. Humanities 1192. Early German Romanticism German Romanticism emerged out of a crisis in philosophy. Since Descartes’s thought-experimentof radical skepticism and the consequent positioning of a reflective, self-certain subject at the heart of thought, questions of epistemology became increasingly entangled with questions of subjectivity [8–13].If the self is in a constant, reflective relationship with itself in all its cognitive operations, it canseemingly never, as it were, free itself from itself in order to know either itself in its totality or thingsas they are in themselves.
Thus, because thought cannot, without remainder, think its own reflectiveground, an apparent split arises between the thinking subject and the thought object—a split out of which the threat of skepticism and, indeed, nihilism, can emerge. In Germany, toward the end of theeighteenth century, these limitations of reflective thought led J.G. Failure Wechselerweis ), a wavering ( Schweben autopoietic. Modernist literature - Wikipedia. Literary Modernism has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America.
Modernism is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression, adhering to the modernist maxim to "Make it new. " The modernist literary movement was driven by a desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. [ 1 ] [ edit ] Introduction In the 1880s a strand of thinking began to assert that it was necessary to push aside previous norms entirely, instead of merely revising past knowledge in light of contemporary techniques. Friedrich Nietzsche was another major precursor of modernism [ ] with a philosophy in which psychological drives, specifically the 'Will to power', were more important than facts, or things. . [ edit ] Origins of Modernist literature [ edit ] Continuation: 1920s and 1930s [ edit ] Modernist literature after 1939.
History of Modernism. Modernism - Literature Periods & Movements. Literature Network » Literary Periods » Modernism The Modernist Period in English Literature occupied the years from shortly after the beginning of the twentieth century through roughly 1965. In broad terms, the period was marked by sudden and unexpected breaks with traditional ways of viewing and interacting with the world.
Experimentation and individualism became virtues, where in the past they were often heartily discouraged. Modernism was set in motion, in one sense, through a series of cultural shocks. The first of these great shocks was the Great War, which ravaged Europe from 1914 through 1918, known now as World War One. In its genesis, the Modernist Period in English literature was first and foremost a visceral reaction against the Victorian culture and aesthetic, which had prevailed for most of the nineteenth century.
In the world of art, generally speaking, Modernism was the beginning of the distinction between “high” art and “low” art. Major Modernist Writers.
Stream of consciousness - Wikipedia. This article is about the literary device. To read about the prewriting technique, see Free writing. Stream of consciousness is a narrative device used in literature "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind. Another phrase for it is 'interior monologue'.
"[1] The term "Stream of Consciousness" was coined by philosopher and psychologist William James in The Principles of Psychology (1890): consciousness, then, does not appear to itself as chopped up in bits ... it is nothing joined; it flows. In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode that seeks to portray an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue (see below), or in connection to his or her actions. Stream of consciousness The technique continued to be used into the 1970s in a novel such as Robert Anton Wilson/Robert Shea collaborative Illuminatus!
Jump up ^ J. Cohn, Dorrit. Modern - Wikipedia. Modern generally denotes something that is "up-to-date", "new", or contemporary. It may refer to: in history Modern history in philosophy and sociology in art as a proper name toponymy Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Literary Moderism. Romanticism. Defining Romanticism[edit] Basic characteristics[edit] Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of.
Not essential to Romanticism, but so widespread as to be normative, was a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature. The term[edit] The period[edit] The early period of the Romantic Era was a time of war, with the French Revolution (1789–1799) followed by the Napoleonic Wars until 1815. Realism (arts) Realism in the arts may be generally defined as the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements. The term originated in the 19th century, and was used to describe the work of Gustave Courbet and a group of painters who rejected idealization, focusing instead on everyday life.[1] In its most specific sense, Realism was an artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s, after the 1848 Revolution.[2] Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the Romantic movement.
Instead it sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. The Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The three founders were joined by William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens and Thomas Woolner to form the seven-member "brotherhood".
The group's intention was to reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach first adopted by Mannerist artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. Its members believed the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art, hence the name "Pre-Raphaelite". In particular, the group objected to the influence of Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder of the English Royal Academy of Arts, whom they called "Sir Sloshua".
Beginnings[edit] Illustration by Holman Hunt of Thomas Woolner's poem "My Beautiful Lady", published in The Germ, 1850. Industrial Revolution. Iron and Coal, 1855–60, by William Bell Scott illustrates the central place of coal and iron working in the industrial revolution and the heavy engineering projects they made possible. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools. It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested; the textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods.[1] The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.
Etymology Textile manufacture Chemicals. Modernism - Wikipedia. Hans Hofmann, "The Gate", 1959–1960, collection: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Hofmann was renowned not only as an artist but also as a teacher of art, and a modernist theorist both in his native Germany and later in the U.S. During the 1930s in New York and California he introduced Modernism and modernist theories to a new generation of American artists.
Through his teaching and his lectures at his art schools in Greenwich Village and Provincetown, Massachusetts, he widened the scope of Modernism in the United States.[1] Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. History[edit] Beginnings: the 19th century[edit] However, the Industrial Revolution continued. The beginnings of modernism in France[edit] Influential in the early days of Modernism were the theories of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Explosion, early 20th century to 1930[edit] Avant-garde.
The avant-garde (from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard"[1]) are people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics. The avant-garde also promotes radical social reforms. It was this meaning that was evoked by the Saint Simonian Olinde Rodrigues in his essay "L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel" ("The artist, the scientist and the industrialist", 1825), which contains the first recorded use of "avant-garde" in its now customary sense: there, Rodrigues calls on artists to "serve as [the people's] avant-garde", insisting that "the power of the arts is indeed the most immediate and fastest way" to social, political and economic reform.[3] Theories[edit] Several writers have attempted, with limited success, to map the parameters of avant-garde activity.
Bürger's essay also greatly influenced the work of contemporary American art-historians such as the German Benjamin H. Relation to mainstream society[edit] Symbolism - Wikipedia. Distinct from, but related to, the style of literature, symbolism of art is related to the gothic component of Romanticism. The term "symbolism" is derived from the word "symbol" which derives from the Latin symbolum, a symbol of faith, and symbolus, a sign of recognition, in turn from classical Greek συμβόλον symbolon, an object cut in half constituting a sign of recognition when the carriers were able to reassemble the two halves. In ancient Greece, the symbolon, was a shard of pottery which was inscribed and then broken into two pieces which were given to the ambassadors from two allied city states as a record of the alliance.
The symbolist poets have a more complex relationship with Parnassianism, a French literary style that immediately preceded it. While being influenced by hermeticism, allowing freer versification, and rejecting Parnassian clarity and objectivity, it retained Parnassianism's love of word play and concern for the musical qualities of verse. Decadent movement - Wikipedia. The Decadent movement was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement of Western Europe.
It flourished in France, but also had devotees in England and throughout Europe, as well as in the United States. Overview[edit] In Britain the leading figures associated with the Decadent movement were Oscar Wilde, Aubrey Beardsley and some artists and writers associated with The Yellow Book. In the United States, the brothers Edgar and Francis Saltus wrote decadent fiction and poetry. Symbolism has often been confused with Decadence. Several young writers were referred to derisively in the press as "decadent" during the mid-1880s. Jean Moréas' manifesto was largely a response to this polemic. Artists and writers[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Bibliography[edit] Imagism - Wikipedia. Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language. Imagism has been described as the most influential movement in English poetry since the activity of the Pre-Raphaelites.[1] As a poetic style it gave Modernism its start in the early 20th century,[2] and is considered to be the first organized Modernist literary movement in the English language.[3] Imagism is sometimes viewed as 'a succession of creative moments' rather than any continuous or sustained period of development.[4] René Taupin remarked that 'It is more accurate to consider Imagism not as a doctrine, nor even as a poetic school, but as the association of a few poets who were for a certain time in agreement on a small number of important principles'.[5] Imagist publications appearing between 1914 and 1917 featured works by many of the most prominent modernist figures, both in poetry and in other fields.
Pre-Imagism[edit] Des Imagistes[edit] Legacy[edit] Impressionism. Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists. Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satirical review published in the Parisian newspaper Le Charivari. Overview[edit] Radicals in their time, early Impressionists violated the rules of academic painting. They constructed their pictures from freely brushed colours that took precedence over lines and contours, following the example of painters such as Eugène Delacroix and J. M. Impressionism emerged in France at the same time that a number of other painters, including the Italian artists known as the Macchiaioli, and Winslow Homer in the United States, were also exploring plein-air painting.
BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, The Avant Garde's Decline and Fall in the 20th Century. Dada. Sigmund Freud. Expressionism. Fauvism. Cubism. Pablo Picasso. Surrealism. Vorticism - Wikipedia. Postmodernism. Situationist International. Special relativity. World War I - Wikipedia. Anti-war movement. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Eliot - 1921 - Essays on Poetry and Criticism. New Criticism - Wikipedia. Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism. Modernism and Theory: A Critical Debate. HAROLD BLOOM'S THEOCRATIC CANON. (1) Mimesis, Mimicry, and Critical Theory in Exile: Walter Benjamin's Approach to the Collège de Sociologie | Tyrus Miller.
(1) Singular Examples: Artistic Politics and the Neo-Avant-Garde | Tyrus Miller.