Category:Rechargeable batteries.
Sodium Batteries. Nickle Based Batteries. Lithium Batteries. Rechargeable battery. A common consumer battery charger for rechargeable AA and AAA batteries Rechargeable batteries typically initially cost more than disposable batteries, but have a much lower total cost of ownership and environmental impact, as they can be recharged inexpensively many times before they need replacing. Some rechargeable battery types are available in the same sizes and voltages as disposable types, and can be used interchangeably with them. Usage and applications[edit] Devices which use rechargeable batteries include automobile starters, portable consumer devices, light vehicles (such as motorized wheelchairs, golf carts, electric bicycles, and electric forklifts), tools, uninterruptible power supplies, and battery storage power stations. Emerging applications in hybrid internal combustion-battery and electric vehicles drive the technology to reduce cost, weight, and size, and increase lifetime.[1] Charging and discharging[edit] A solar-powered charger for rechargeable AA batteries Types[edit]
Rechargeable battery.
Lead acid (Types of Batteries) Flow Battery. UltraBattery. UltraBattery is a hybrid energy storage device invented by Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). UltraBattery combines ultracapacitor technology with lead-acid battery technology in a single cell with a common electrolyte. Introduction[edit] Research conducted by independent laboratories, such as the United States's Sandia National Laboratories,[1] the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC),[2] the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)[3] and commercial tests by East Penn Manufacturing, Furukawa Battery and Ecoult indicate that in comparison with conventional valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries, UltraBattery technology has higher energy efficiencies, a longer lifetime and superior charge acceptance under partial state of charge (SoC) conditions.
History[edit] UltraBattery was invented in Australia by CSIRO.[7] The development of UltraBattery was funded by the Australian government. Hard Sulfation[edit] Super-iron battery. See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Licht, S.; R. Tel-Vered "Rechargeable Fe(III/VI) super-iron cathodes" Chemical Communications, 2004, volume 6, p. 628-629. doi:10.1039/b400251b Further reading[edit] Sugar battery. A sugar battery is an emerging type of biobattery that is fueled by maltodextrin and facilitated by the enzymatic catalysts. The sugar battery generates electric current by the oxidation of the glucose unit of maltodextrin. The oxidation of the organic compound produces carbon dioxide and electrical current. 13 types of enzymes are planted in the battery so that the reaction goes to completion and converts most chemical energy into electrical energy. The experimental results have shown that the sugar battery of the same mass can store at least two times, up to ten times electrical energy than the traditional lithium-ion battery can.
The sugar battery is expected to be the next general type of mobile electric power source and the possible power source for electric cars. Sony, a Japanese corporation, first published the theory of sugar battery in 2007. History[edit] Sony, a Japanese corporation, first published the theory of sugar battery in 2007. A research team led by Dr. In 2017, Dr. Silver calcium battery. Silver Calcium alloy batteries are a type of lead-acid battery with grids made from lead-calcium-silver alloy, instead of the traditional lead-antimony alloy or newer lead-calcium alloy. They stand out for its resistance to corrosion and the destructive effects of high temperatures.
The result of this improvement is manifested in increased battery life and maintaining a starting power over time. Technological information[edit] Technological improvements of this new alloy include increased corrosion resistance, greater resistance to high temperatures, longer shelf life, longer life of use (mean 6 years), minimal self-discharge and as having the highest breakout. Disadvantages[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Silver-oxide battery. A silver-oxide battery (IEC code: S) is a primary cell with a very high energy/weight ratio.
Available either in small sizes as button cells (where the amount of silver used is minimal and not a significant contributor to the product cost), or in large custom designed batteries where the superior performance of the silver-oxide chemistry outweighs cost considerations. These larger cells are mostly found in applications for the military, for example in Mark 37 torpedoes or on Alfa-class submarines.
In recent years they have become important as reserve batteries for manned and unmanned spacecraft. Spent batteries can be processed to recover their silver content. Silver-oxide primary batteries account for over 20% of all primary battery sales in Japan (67,000 out of 232,000 in September 2012).[3] A related rechargeable secondary battery usually called a silver–zinc battery uses a variation of silver–oxide chemistry. Chemistry[edit] Characteristics[edit] History[edit] Mercury content[edit] Silicon–air battery.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Type of metal-air battery Silicon–air battery technology is based on electrodes of oxygen and silicon. Such batteries can be lightweight, with a high tolerance for both extremely dry conditions and high humidity. Like other anode-air batteries, in particular metal-air batteries, silicon–air batteries rely on atmospheric oxygen for their cathodes; they accordingly do not include any cathode materials in their structures, and this permits economies in cost and weight.[1][2] Experimental cells using a room-temperature ionic liquid electrolytes have produced between 1 and 1.2 volts at a current density of 0.3 milliamperes per square centimeter of silicon.[3] History[edit] The only research report available to the public was done by its creator, Yair-Ein-Eli.
Design[edit] SPECTRE[edit] The Stressed Pillar-Engineered CMOS Technology Readied for Evanescence (SPECTRE) is under research by DARPA and SRI. Storage capacity[edit] Applications[edit] See also[edit] Rechargeable fuel battery. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rechargeable fuel batteries are a new type of rechargeable battery that researchers have developed which uses electrodes in liquid form. This type of battery can either be recharged or the liquid electrodes can be replaced. These batteries could allow electric cars to travel 500 miles before recharging. Replacing the liquid electrodes could only take a few minutes while recharging batteries takes much longer. These batteries don't have the problems of short circuits and overheating. The downsides are that nanoparticles degrade quickly, the technology is new and needs more development, they need to focus on cheaper production, and refilling stations would cost a lot to build.[1] See also[edit] References[edit]
Rechargeable alkaline battery. Rechargeable Alkaline AA battery A rechargeable alkaline battery (also known as alkaline rechargeable or rechargeable alkaline manganese (RAM)) is a type of alkaline battery that is capable of recharging for repeated use. The first-generation rechargeable alkaline technology was developed by Battery Technologies Inc in Canada and licensed to Pure Energy, EnviroCell, Rayovac, and Grandcell. Subsequent patent and advancements in technology have been introduced. The formats include AAA, AA, C, D, and snap-on 9-volt batteries. Proper use and durability[edit] Although these batteries can be used in any device that supports a standard size (AA, AAA, C, D, etc.), they are formulated to last longest in periodical use items. Comparison to other rechargeable batteries[edit] The rechargeable alkaline battery is cheaper than other rechargeable types.
Environmental issues[edit] Chemical composition[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Alkaline battery charging. Potassium-ion battery. The potassium battery has certain advantages in comparison with similar lithium batteries (e.g., lithium-ion batteries): the cell design is simple, and both the material used and the procedure needed for the cell fabrication are cheaper. The prototype was made of KBF 4 electrolyte though almost all common electrolyte salts of lithium batteries (their potassium salts) can be used for the construction of potassium battery. The chemical diffusion coefficient of K+ in the cell is higher than that of Li+ in lithium batteries, which is due to a smaller Stokes radius of K+ in electrolyte solution (solvated ions).
Since the electrochemical potential of K+ is identical to that of Li+, the cell potential is similar to that of lithium-ion. Potassium batteries can accept a wide range of cathode materials with excellent rechargeability, cheaper materials, etc. The low cost of potassium in comparison with lithium has highlighted the idea of potassium battery in other forms too. See also[edit] Polysulfide bromide battery. The polysulfide bromide battery (PSB), (sometimes polysulphide bromide)), is a type of regenerative fuel cell involving a reversible electrochemical reaction between two salt-solution electrolytes: sodium bromide and sodium polysulfide.
It is an example and type of redox (reduction–oxidation) flow battery. In 2002, a 12 MWe prototype electrical storage facility was built at Little Barford Power Station in the UK, which uses polysulfide bromide flow batteries. Although the facility was completed, due to engineering issues in scaling up the technology, it was never fully commissioned.[1] A similar demonstration plant located at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) facility in Columbus, Mississippi, United States was never completed. Chemistry[edit] Two different salt solution electrolytes are contained in two separate tanks. When energy is required, a solution of Na2S2 (sodium sulphide) is pumped to the anode, and NaBr3 (sodium tribromide) is pumped to the cathode. NaBr3 + 2Na+ + 2e−→ 3NaBr. Polymer-based battery. Type of battery Organic polymers can be processed at relatively low temperatures, lowering costs. They also produce less carbon dioxide.[3] History[edit] Organic batteries are an alternative to the metal reaction battery technologies, and much research is taking place in this area.
An article titled "Plastic-Metal Batteries: New promise for the electric car"[4] wrote in 1982: "Two different organic polymers are being investigated for possible use in batteries" and indicated that the demo he gave was based on work begun in 1976. Waseda University was approached by NEC in 2001, and began to focus on the organic batteries. In 2002, NEC researcher presented a paper on Piperidinoxyl Polymer technology, and by 2005 they presented an organic radical battery (ORB) based on a modified PTMA, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl meth-acrylate).[5] In 2015 researchers developed an efficient, conductive, electron-transporting polymer. Electrochemistry[edit] Classification of active materials[edit] Organic radical battery. An organic radical battery (ORB) is a relatively new type of battery first developed in 2005.[1] This type of battery is generally not available for the consumer, however their development is approaching practical use.[2] ORBs are potentially more environmentally friendly than conventional metal-based batteries, because they use organic radical polymers, which are flexible plastics, instead of metals to provide electrical power.
ORBs are considered to be a high-power alternative to the Li-ion battery. Functional prototypes of the battery have been researched and developed by different research groups and corporations including the Japanese corporation NEC.[1] Current ORB research is being directed mostly towards Hybrid ORB/Li-ion batteries because organic radical polymers with appropriate electrical properties for the anode are difficult to synthesize.[3] Applications[edit] Function[edit] Synthesis of Radical Polymers[edit] Free-radical polymerization[edit] RAFT-mediated polymerization[edit] Fuel cell. Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity Demonstration model of a direct-methanol fuel cell (black layered cube) in its enclosure. Scheme of a proton-conducting fuel cell The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William Grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later following the invention of the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1932.
The alkaline fuel cell, also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to generate power for satellites and space capsules. Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other applications. Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial, industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas.
History[edit] The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In 1932, Francis Thomas Bacon invented a fuel cell which derived power from hydrogen and oxygen. In 1955, W. Batteries Types.