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Centering in CSS: A Complete Guide

Centering things in CSS is the poster child of CSS complaining. Why does it have to be so hard? They jeer. So let's make it a decision tree and hopefully make it easier. I need to center... Horizontally Is it inline or inline-* elements (like text or links)? You can center inline elements horizontally, within a block-level parent element, with just: This will work for inline, inline-block, inline-table, inline-flex, etc. Is it a block level element? You can center a block-level element by giving it margin-left and margin-right of auto (and it has a set width, otherwise it would be full width and wouldn't need centering). This will work no matter what the width of the block level element you're centering, or the parent. Note that you can't float an element to the center. Is there more than one block level element? If you have two or more block-level elements that need to be centered horizontally in a row, chances are you'd be better served making them a different display type. Vertically Related:  Mise en page, agencement, Layout etcref/teo

<length> Le type de données CSS <length> correspond à une mesure de distance. De nombreuses propriétés CSS utilisent des valeurs de longueurs. Entre autres, on pourra énumérer width, margin, padding, font-size, border-width, text-shadow, … Pour certaines propriétés, l'utilisation d'une longueur négative est une erreur de syntaxe, pour d'autres, elles sont autorisées. On notera que bien que les valeurs <percentage> soient aussi des dimensions CSS et acceptées par certaines propriétés CSS acceptant les valeurs <length>, ce sont bien deux types distincts. Syntaxe Une longueur est un nombre (type <number>) immédiatement suivi d'une unité de longueur (px, em, pc, in, mm, …). Interpolation Les valeurs du type <length> peuvent être interpolées de manière à rendre les animations possibles. Unités Unités de longueur relatives Longueurs liées à la police em Cette unité représente la font-size calculée de l'élément. ex Cette unité représente la hauteur d'x de la font de l'élément. cap ch ic lh rem rlh vb vh vi vw vmin vmax px q

CSS: Center text/image/div in middle of parent div (container) | CSS-WORKSHOP.COM It is a common situation, that you want to put some element (like text, image or div) in the center (horizontally and vertically) of parent div (container). Setting some element in the center horizontally is usually quite easy – just put CSS rule “margin: 0 auto” to element or “text-align: center” to its parent element and it is done. But when we want to put html element in center vertically – then it is not so easy! You can try to use “vertical-align: middle;” but quickly you will discover that it is not so easy to use. It works not as we expect. Check code below, of course, “vertical-align: middle;” is not working as we want. And as you can see, it is not working 😉 “vertical-align: middle;” works in different way than we could think. So now the question is: How to center vertically one element inside another? The answer is easy – we must use one trick and combine two rules coming with CSS3. Check code below 🙂 And thats it! Tags: css, css3, html

Tutoriel Vidéo HTML-CSS Présentation de Susy Lorsqu'il s'agit de créer des grilles en CSS plusieurs solutions s'offrent à nous, on peut utiliser des Frameworks comme Twitter Bootsrap ou générer une série de classes pour placer nos éléments. Le problème dans ce cas-là est que l'on brise la règle essentielle qui est de séparer le fond de la forme et on se retrouve du coup avec des classes HTML qui déterminent le style de notre élément. Cette manière de faire est certes pratique lorsque l'on prototype l'application, mais s'avère relativement limitée lorsque l'on souhaite faire évoluer le site (on se retrouve alors à devoir modifier le code HTML pour changer la disposition des éléments). Installation de susy Avec ruby SASS Avant d'installer Susy, sachez que celle-ci (je parle d'elle au féminin, car son auteur en fait autant !) gem install susy --pre // le --pre permet d'installer la dernière version de de Susy (2.0) et non pas la première require "Susy" @import "susy"; Voilà Susy est maintenant chargée. Avec libSASS npm i susy --save-dev

Asynchronous vs Deferred JavaScript In my article on Understanding the Critical Rendering Path, I wrote about the effect JavaScript files have on the Critical Rendering Path. JavaScript is considered a "parser blocking resource". This means that the parsing of the HTML document itself is blocked by JavaScript. When the parser reaches a <script> tag, whether that be internal or external, it stops to fetch (if it is external) and run it. This behaviour can be problematic if we are loading several JavaScript files on a page, as this will interfere with the time to first paint even if the document is not actually dependent on those files. Fortunately, the <script> element has two attributes, async and defer, that can give us more control over how and when external files are fetched and executed. Normal Execution Before looking into the effect of the two attributes, we must first look at what occurs in their absence. Take, for example, this script element located somewhere in the middle of the page - <html><head> ...

Le modèle des boîtes Contenu Le modèle des boîtes de CSS décrit les boîtes rectangulaires qui sont générées pour les éléments de l'arbre du document et qui sont assemblées selon le modèle de mise en forme visuel. La boîte de page, qui en représente un cas particulier, est décrite plus en détails au chapitre sur les médias paginés. 8.1 Les dimensions des boîtes Chaque boîte possède une aire de contenu (ex. une texte, une image, etc.) entourée en option par une aire d' espacement , une aire de bordure et une aire de marge ; Le schéma suivant illustre les relations entre ces aires et la terminologie employée pour les désigner : On peut subdiviser la marge, la bordure et l'espacement selon qu'il s'agisse du côté gauche, droite, haut ou bas (ex. dans le schéma, "MG" mis pour marge gauche (N.D.T. margin-left), "ED" mis pour espacement droit (N.D.T. padding-right), "BH" mis pour bordure haute (N.D.T. border-top), etc.). Le bord du contenu ou bord interne Celui-ci entoure le rendu du contenu de l'élément. Le bord de l'espacement

Strategies for Keeping CSS Specificity Low Easily manage projects with monday.com Keeping CSS specificity low across all the selectors in your project is a worthy goal. It's generally a sign that things are in relative harmony. You aren't fighting against yourself and you have plenty of room to override styles when you need to. Specificity on selectors tends to creep up over time, and there is a hard ceiling to that. So how do we keep that specificity low over time? #Give yourself the class you need Perhaps you're writing a high-specificity selector because you're overriding an already-existing selector. .section-header { /* normal styles */} body.about-page .section-header { /* override with higher specificity */} However you feel about this, recognize that that specificity is creeping up here. <header class="<%= header_class %>"> Which could output one class, or both, as desired. .section-header { /* normal styles */} .about-section-header { /* override with same specificity */ /* possibly extend the standard class */} But sadly:

Responsive Design Knowledge Hub Time to First Byte: What It Is and Why It Matters 8 August, 2019 Written by Harry Roberts on CSS Wizardry. I’m working on a client project at the moment and, as they’re an ecommerce site, there are a lot of facets of performance I’m keen to look into for them: load times are a good start, start render is key for customers who want to see information quickly (hint: that’s all of them), and client-specific metrics like how quickly did the key product image load? However, one metric I feel that front-end developers overlook all too quickly is Time to First Byte (TTFB). While a good TTFB doesn’t necessarily mean you will have a fast website, a bad TTFB almost certainly guarantees a slow one. What is TTFB? TTFB is a little opaque to say the least. The first—and often most surprising for people to learn—thing that I want to draw your attention to is that TTFB counts one whole round trip of latency. Armed with this knowledge, we can soon understand why TTFB can often increase so dramatically on mobile. But what else is TTFB? So. N.B.

jonikorpi This site previously used an experimental layout that attempted to solve the following problems: Designing a responsive layout that makes use of large screens.Cutting down on the amount of time it takes to design and build a good responsive website.Making the results of a responsive design process more beautiful. Here's how it worked: Each section on a page is stacked horizontally.A section's content flows vertically.If a section's content is taller than the viewport, the section becomes scrollable.A section is never wider than the viewport.A section is never wider than what is optimal for its content. The result is a bi-directional layout. Unlike in a traditional vertical layout, you can quickly scan through each section by scrolling horizontally, and when you find an interesting one, you can drill down on it by scrolling vertically. Also, the design of each these sections only requires 2 of the 3 states of a responsive design: just right and too small.

Async Generator Functions in JavaScript The TC39 async iterators proposal that brought for/await/of to JavaScript also introduced the concept of an async generator function. Now, JavaScript has 6 distinct types of functions: Normal functions function() {}Arrow functions () => {}Async functions async function() {}Async arrow functions async () => {}Generator functions function*() {}Async generator functions async function*() {} Async generator functions are special because you can use both await and yield in an async generator function. Async generator functions differ from async functions and generator functions in that they don't return a promise or an iterator, but rather an async iterator. You can think of an async iterator as an iterator whose next() function always returns a promise. Your First Async Generator Function Below is a "Hello, World" example with async generator functions. The cleanest way to loop through an entire async generator function is using a for/await/of loop. A Practical Use Case With Observables Moving On

Line-height, cette propriété méconnue Vincent De Oliveira · @iamvdo Vincent «Personne n'a jamais vraiment compris line-height» Anonyme Le rôle de line-height Gérer l’espace vertical entre les lignes Créer un rythme vertical. C’est quoi le line-height? Interligne? Un paragraphe est un empilement de lignes (line-box) Chaque ligne a sa propre hauteur Les lignes ne se superposent jamais Le line-height, c'est la hauteur minimale d'une ligne Définir le line-height La valeur par défaut est normal (c'est aussi la valeur calculée) Deux méthodes différentes Avec unités: px, %, em Sans unités Pas une meilleure que l'autre Line-height avec unités La valeur calculée de line-height est 3em, soit 48px. Voir le rendu Rythme vertical avec unités Utilisation indifférente de px, em ou % Mais em et % sont relatifs, donc des calculs sont nécessaires Voir le rendu Line-height sans unités Le facteur de 1.5 donne un line-height de 24px. Voir le rendu Rythme vertical sans unités «OK, là c'était facile! Inline formatting context <p>Good design. ... Démo

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