La fallace inversione dell'onere della prova ©Ssosay Vi è mai capitato, alla vostra richiesta di prove che supportino una certa asserzione, per esempio «tutto è un sogno», di sentirvi rispondere «prova a dimostrare che non lo è»? Oppure di sentirvi chiedere di provare che il pianeta Nibiru non esiste quando si cerca solo di criticare le prove della sua esistenza? Sì? Allora vi siete trovati di fronte alla fallacia dell’inversione dell’onere della prova, ossia quella strategia scorretta in cui l’interlocutore, al vostro dubbio verso la sua asserzione, chiede a voi di provare il contrario. Andiamo per gradi. Per il nostro discorso è importante riconoscere che in entrambi questi casi troviamo almeno una persona che asserisce. Sebbene varii da contesto a contesto[3] nella discussione critica, ossia nelle discussioni in cui la prova delle reciproche tesi avviene attraverso l’argomentazione razionale, l’onere della prova impone che chi asserisce si assuma l’impegno di provare, qualora richiesto, la propria asserzione. Conclusione Note
List of Internet forums Wikipedia list article An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.[1] Forums act as centralized locations for topical discussion. Forums are an element of social media technologies which take on many different forms including blogs, business networks, enterprise social networks, forums, microblogs, photo sharing, products/services review, social bookmarking, social gaming, social networks, video sharing and virtual worlds.[3][verification needed] IGN Boards[11] Quora XDA-Developers Zhihu See also Further reading References
Fallacies Dr. Michael C. Labossiere, the author of a Macintosh tutorial named Fallacy Tutorial Pro 3.0, has kindly agreed to allow the text of his work to appear on the Nizkor site, as a Nizkor Feature. It remains © Copyright 1995 Michael C. Labossiere, with distribution restrictions -- please see our copyright notice. Other sites that list and explain fallacies include: Constructing a Logical Argument Description of Fallacies In order to understand what a fallacy is, one must understand what an argument is. There are two main types of arguments: deductive and inductive. A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning.
Why People "Fly from Facts" “There was a scientific study that showed vaccines cause autism.” “Actually, the researcher in that study lost his medical license, and overwhelming research since then has shown no link between vaccines and autism.” “Well, regardless, it’s still my personal right as a parent to make decisions for my child.” Does that exchange sound familiar: a debate that starts with testable factual statements, but then, when the truth becomes inconvenient, the person takes a flight from facts. As public debate rages about issues like immunization, Obamacare, and same-sex marriage, many people try to use science to bolster their arguments. And since it’s becoming easier to test and establish facts—whether in physics, psychology, or policy—many have wondered why bias and polarization have not been defeated. Our new research, recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, examined a slippery way by which people get away from facts that contradict their beliefs.
quora List of fallacies A fallacy is incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, a lack of soundness. Fallacies are either formal fallacies or informal fallacies. Formal fallacies[edit] Main article: Formal fallacy Appeal to probability – is a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case).[2][3]Argument from fallacy – assumes that if an argument for some conclusion is fallacious, then the conclusion is false.Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.[5]Conjunction fallacy – assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.[6]Masked man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one. Propositional fallacies[edit]
Anti-pattern Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. In informatica, gli anti-pattern (o antipattern) sono dei design pattern, o più in generale delle procedure o modi di fare, usati durante il processo di sviluppo del software, che pur essendo lecitamente utilizzabili, si rivelano successivamente inadatti o controproduttivi nella pratica. Il termine fu coniato nel 1995 da Andrew Koenig, ispirato dal libro Design Patterns: Elementi per il riuso di software ad oggetti scritto dalla Gang of four (la banda dei quattro), i quali svilupparono il concetto di pattern nel campo del software. Secondo l'autore, devono presentarsi almeno due elementi chiave per poter distinguere un anti-pattern da un semplice errore logico o cattiva pratica: Qualche schema ricorrente di azioni, processi o strutture che inizialmente appaiono essere di beneficio, ma successivamente producono più problemi che benefici.L'esistenza di una soluzione alternativa che è chiaramente documentata, collaudata nella pratica e ripetibile.
ReBirth: The Pursuit of Porsha – Reconnecting with The Darkness in the Light Fallacy List 1. FAULTY CAUSE: (post hoc ergo propter hoc) mistakes correlation or association for causation, by assuming that because one thing follows another it was caused by the other. example: A black cat crossed Babbs' path yesterday and, sure enough, she was involved in an automobile accident later that same afternoon. example: The introduction of sex education courses at the high school level has resulted in increased promiscuity among teens. A recent study revealed that the number of reported cases of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) was significantly higher for high schools that offered courses in sex education than for high schools that did not. 2. SWEEPING GENERALIZATION: (dicto simpliciter) assumes that what is true of the whole will also be true of the part, or that what is true in most instances will be true in all instances. example: Muffin must be rich or have rich parents, because she belongs to ZXQ, and ZXQ is the richest sorority on campus. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Culto del cargo Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Il culto del cargo è un culto di tipo millenarista[1] sincretico apparso in alcune società tribali melanesiane in seguito all'incontro con popolazioni occidentali[2]. Originatesi dall'osservazione delle navi e dei traffici europei, i diversi culti del cargo hanno in comune la fede nell'avvento di navi o aerei da trasporto (in inglese cargo, da cui il nome di questi movimenti religiosi) carichi di beni destinati non agli europei ma agli indigeni. I credenti del culto ritengono che la consegna dei beni sia disposta per loro da parte di un ente divino. Storia[modifica | modifica wikitesto] I resoconti sul culto del cargo solitamente iniziarono riferendosi ad una serie di movimenti presentatisi verso la fine del XIX secolo e i primi decenni del XX secolo. Altra casistica di culto del cargo[modifica | modifica wikitesto] Analogie nella cultura moderna[modifica | modifica wikitesto] Cargo Cult Science[modifica | modifica wikitesto] Jebens, Holger (ed.).
The Machine Stops - E. M. Forster The Machine Stops is a short science fiction story. It describes a world in which almost all humans have lost the ability to live on the surface of the Earth. Each individual lives in isolation in a 'cell', with all bodily and spiritual needs met by the omnipotent, global Machine. The Machine Stops is a short science fiction story. (less) How to Understand Syllogisms: 5 Steps (with Pictures Edit Article Edited by DifuWu, Eric, Chris Hadley, Codes for us and 4 others A syllogism is a logical argument composed of three parts: the major premise, the minor premise, and the conclusion inferred from the premises. The following steps will help you understand syllogisms. Ad Steps 1Know the basic structure of syllogisms. Bramantip (AAI): for example, All pigs are unclean. Tips Note that if either of the premises is negative, the conclusion must also be negative. Warnings Beware of the fallacy of the illicit major, where the major term is undistributed in the major premise but distributed in the conclusion.
How to Disagree By Paul Graham / paulgraham.com The web is turning writing into a conversation. Twenty years ago, writers wrote and readers read. Many who respond to something disagree with it. The result is there's a lot more disagreeing going on, especially measured by the word. If we're all going to be disagreeing more, we should be careful to do it well. DH0. This is the lowest form of disagreement, and probably also the most common. u r a fag!!!!!!!!!! But it's important to realize that more articulate name-calling has just as little weight. The author is a self-important dilettante. is really nothing more than a pretentious version of "u r a fag." DH1. An ad hominem attack is not quite as weak as mere name-calling. Of course he would say that. This wouldn't refute the author's argument, but it may at least be relevant to the case. Saying that an author lacks the authority to write about a topic is a variant of ad hominem—and a particularly useless sort, because good ideas often come from outsiders.