Ontology is Overrated -- Categories, Links, and Tags Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags This piece is based on two talks I gave in the spring of 2005 -- one at the O'Reilly ETech conference in March, entitled "Ontology Is Overrated", and one at the IMCExpo in April entitled "Folksonomies & Tags: The rise of user-developed classification." The written version is a heavily edited concatenation of those two talks. Today I want to talk about categorization, and I want to convince you that a lot of what we think we know about categorization is wrong. In particular, I want to convince you that many of the ways we're attempting to apply categorization to the electronic world are actually a bad fit, because we've adopted habits of mind that are left over from earlier strategies. I also want to convince you that what we're seeing when we see the Web is actually a radical break with previous categorization strategies, rather than an extension of them. PART I: Classification and Its Discontents # Q: What is Ontology? And yet. Domain
Snomed-CT Snomed-CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms) es la terminología clínica integral, multilingüe y codificada de mayor amplitud, precisión e importancia desarrollada en el mundo.[1] Historia[editar] Snomed CT es un producto que nace de la fusión entre Snomed RT (Snomed Reference Terminology), creada por el College of American Pathologists (CAP) y el Clinical Terms Version 3 (CTV3), desarrollada por la National Health Service (NHS) del Reino Unido. Esta fusión ha permitido la combinación de los términos en los ámbitos de las ciencias básicas, la bioquímica y las especialidades médicas de Snomed RT con los contenidos de la atención primaria del CTV3, dando lugar a una terminología de referencia que permite a los profesionales de la salud de todo el mundo representar la información clínica de forma precisa e inequívoca, en formato multilingüe. Véase también[editar] Referencias[editar] Bibliografía[editar] Enlaces externos[editar] SNOMED-CT.
Ontologie (informatique) Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Par analogie, le terme est repris en informatique et en science de l'information, où une ontologie est l'ensemble structuré des termes et concepts représentant le sens d'un champ d'informations, que ce soit par les métadonnées d'un espace de noms, ou les éléments d'un domaine de connaissances. L'ontologie constitue en soi un modèle de données représentatif d'un ensemble de concepts dans un domaine, ainsi que des relations entre ces concepts. Elle est employée pour raisonner à propos des objets du domaine concerné. Plus simplement, on peut aussi dire que l' « ontologie est aux données ce que la grammaire est au langage ». L'objectif premier d'une ontologie est de modéliser un ensemble de connaissances dans un domaine donné, qui peut être réel ou imaginaire. Les ontologies informatiques sont des outils qui permettent précisément de représenter un corpus de connaissances sous une forme utilisable par un ordinateur. Notes
RDF - Semantic Web Standards Overview RDF is a standard model for data interchange on the Web. RDF has features that facilitate data merging even if the underlying schemas differ, and it specifically supports the evolution of schemas over time without requiring all the data consumers to be changed. RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs to name the relationship between things as well as the two ends of the link (this is usually referred to as a “triple”). Using this simple model, it allows structured and semi-structured data to be mixed, exposed, and shared across different applications. This linking structure forms a directed, labeled graph, where the edges represent the named link between two resources, represented by the graph nodes. Recommended Reading The RDF 1.1 specification consists of a suite of W3C Recommendations and Working Group Notes, published in 2014. A number of textbooks have been published on RDF and on Semantic Web in general. Discussions on a possible next version of RDF
Visualizing Del.icio.us Roundup I have been coming across many del.icio.us tools to visualize usage during my daily researching hours. So many, that I have decided to start making note of the ones I come across. From the span of about two weeks, I have been collecting as many as I could find. I will list each one along with a description. There’s a couple more that I have in mind, but they don’t seem to be working at the moment. SNOMED Clinical Terms - Summary | NCBO BioPortal SNOMED CT has been created by combining SNOMED RT and a computer-based nomenclature and classification known as Read Codes Version 3, which was created on behalf of the U.K. Department of Health and is a Crown copyright. SNOMED CT Concept (SNOMED RT+CTV3) SNOMED CT January 2005 Release: 20050131 [R] SNOMED CT January 2003 Release: 20030131 [R] SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20090731 [R] (July 2009 Release) ©2002 - 2006 College of American Pathologists. SNOMED CT July 2003 Release: 20030731 [R] © 2002-2012 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation (IHTSDO). SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20100131 [R] (January 2010 Release) SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20080131 [R] (January 2008 Release) ©2002 College of American Pathologists SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20090131 [R] (January 2009 Release) SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20060731 [R] (July 2006 Release) SNOMED Clinical Terms version: 20130731 [R] (July 2013 Release) SNOMED CT First Release: 20020131 [R]
Web Sémantique:Ontologie Semantic Web Standards Tag (metadata) Keyword assigned to information The use of keywords as part of an identification and classification system long predates computers. Paper data storage devices, notably edge-notched cards, that permitted classification and sorting by multiple criteria were already in use prior to the twentieth century, and faceted classification has been used by libraries since the 1930s. Online databases and early websites deployed keyword tags as a way for publishers to help users find content. Within application software [edit] Assigned to computer files There are various systems for applying tags to the files in a computer's file system. Advantages and disadvantages Complex system dynamics
Evaluation Evaluation is often used to characterize to Only on, Rated, Created by, Exclusively on, Only from, Only at, Get it at, Designed for, Written by, Directed by, Produced by, Here on, Headquartered in, Located in, Do not, Available for, Available at and Has been. Definition[edit] Evaluation is the structured interpretation and giving of meaning to predicted or actual impacts of proposals or results. It looks at original objectives, and at what is either predicted or what was accomplished and how it was accomplished. So evaluation can be formative, that is taking place during the development of a concept or proposal, project or organization, with the intention of improving the value or effectiveness of the proposal, project, or organisation. It can also be assumptive, drawing lessons from a completed action or project or an organisation at a later point in time or circumstance. Purpose[edit] Discussion[edit] Standards[edit] Approaches[edit] Classification of approaches[edit]
Profils de pays de la FAO -- Information géopolitique The FAO geopolitical ontology and related services have been developed to facilitate data exchange and sharing in a standardized manner among systems managing information about countries and/or regions. The geopolitical ontology ensures that FAO and associated partners can rely on a master reference for geopolitical information, as it manages names in multiple languages (English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Italian); maps standard coding systems (UN, ISO, FAOSTAT, AGROVOC, etc); provides relations among territories (land borders, group membership, etc); and tracks historical changes. Geopolitical ontology overview The geopolitical ontology has been populated using FAO, UN and internationally recognized data sources. The geopolitical ontology manages the following information: Area types1: Territories: self-governing, non-self-governing, disputed, otherGroups: geographic, economic, organizations, special groups Data associated to areas: Relations:
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