CRDP-LR : Le français dans tous ses états, n°38 La démarche est pourtant lente et prudente : Montesquieu reste extrêmement timoré ; Voltaire lui-même ne prend pas position sur le fond ; il faut attendre Rousseau, dans le Contrat social, l’Encyclopédie (article " traite ") et surtout Condorcet (Réflexions sur l’esclavage des nègres), pour qu’une dénonciation formelle et théoriquement argumentée apparaisse. Enfin, l’évolution de la sensibilité collective au XVIIIe siècle favorise la remise en cause du système : les témoignages de voyageurs sur le traitement infligé aux esclaves émeuvent un public européen cultivé de plus en plus épris de " sensible " ; le goût de l’exotisme, le mythe du " bon sauvage " (voir Rousseau, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre) entraînent une révision de l’image du Noir, qui devient positive, donnant lieu à une série d’œuvres littéraires célébrant les esclaves (Zimeo de Saint-Lambert dont le héros est chef de " nègres marrons " ; L’Esclavage des nègres ou l’Heureux Naufrage d’Olympe de Gouges, joué en 1781).
100 Milestone Documents The following is a list of 100 milestone documents, compiled by the National Archives and Records Administration, and drawn primarily from its nationwide holdings. The documents chronicle United States history from 1776 to 1965. Complete List of Documents Please note that you can always use the thumbnail images at the top of every page to navigate directly to any of the 100 Milestone Documents. home 100 milestone documents the people's vote tools for educators news & events national competitions about this site contact information related resources search Privacy & Use Accessibility Sojourner Truth Biography Sojourner Truth is best known for her extemporaneous speech on racial inequalities, "Ain't I a Woman?" delivered at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in 1851. Synopsis Born in New York circa 1797, Sojourner Truth was the self-given name, from 1843 onward, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Born Into Slavery Born Isabella Baumfree circa 1797, Sojourner Truth was one of as many as 12 children born to James and Elizabeth Baumfree in the town of Swartekill, in Ulster County, New York. After the colonel's death, ownership of the Baumfrees passed to his son, Charles. Becoming a Wife and Mother Around 1815, Truth fell in love with a slave named Robert from a neighboring farm. Early Years of Freedom The state of New York, which had begun to negotiate the abolition of slavery in 1799, emancipated all slaves on July 4, 1827. Sojourner Truth's early years of freedom were marked by several strange hardships. Fighting for Abolition and Women's Rights
Geography & Culture Sojourner Truth Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Sojourner Truth Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Née dans l'ancienne colonie hollandaise du comté d'Ulster, au sein d'une famille de 13 enfants, elle ne parlait que le néerlandais lorsqu'elle fut vendue à l'âge de 11 ans. De par sa condition d'esclave, elle fut unie contre son gré à Thomas Jeffery Harvey, un esclave plus âgé. En 1827, elle s'enfuit de la ferme de John Dumont, son troisième maître, pour trouver refuge au Canada avec Sophie, la plus jeune de ses filles, alors enfant en bas âge, et cela un an avant l'abolition de l'esclavage dans l'État de New York (1828). En 1857, Truth se déplaça dans le Michigan, où elle continua à défendre sa cause. Après la guerre civile, Sojourner Truth s'attacha à faciliter la recherche d'emplois des réfugiés noirs. En 1997, le robot de la mission sonde spatiale de la NASA Mars Pathfinder fut baptisé "Sojourner", en la mémoire de l'abolitionniste Sojourner Truth. Hommage[modifier | modifier le code]
Civics Olaudah Equiano If it weren’t for “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”, or “The Gustavus Vassa”, the world may not have known about Equiano from a closer perspective. Both these books were written by the author/poet himself, where he talks about his early life and coming of age experience. Olaudah Equiano was somewhere around 1745 (the exact date is unknown and mostly misrepresented in most of the biographies), in “Eboe” – Guinea. In different areas of modern Nigeria, “Eboe” is known as Igbo or Ibo. At the age of 11, young Equiano was playing in the local vicinity of his tribe, when out of nowhere; a group of hooligans kidnapped him and his sister. Olaudah Equiano’s biography is present in different forms. Based on the biographical records of Olaudah Equiano, late authors have written that Equiano’s origins maybe didn’t have a sense of legitimacy. The Summer of 1754: Of all the years that Equiano lived, the Summer of 1754 was somewhat different.
World History Olaudah Equiano Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Olaudah Equiano, né vers 1745 à Isseke au Biafra dans l'actuel Nigeria et décédé dans le Cambridgeshire le 31 mars 1797, plus connu en son temps sous le nom de Gustavus Vassa[1], fut un esclave, affranchi, marin et écrivain britannique calviniste[1] d'origine africaine, qui vécut principalement dans les colonies britanniques d'Amérique et au Royaume-Uni. Biographie[modifier | modifier le code] Page de garde de The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African, written by himself (1789). Il devint une figure influente de l'abolition de l'esclavage et accompagna l'installation des premiers anciens esclaves noirs jusqu'à Freetown au Sierra Leone[3]. Notes et références[modifier | modifier le code] ↑ a, b, c, d et e Nelly Schmidt, L'abolition de l'esclavage : cinq siècles de combats XVIe-XXe siècle, Fayard, Paris, 2005, p. 137↑ Les origines d'Olaudah Equiano sont controversées. Sons of Africa
US Gov & History Esclaves en Amérique | Récits autobiographiques d'anciens esclaves 1760-1865 Stack the Countries Frederick Douglass - Black History An abolitionist, writer and orator Frederick Douglass was the most important black American leader of the nineteenth century. Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, he was the son of a slave woman and, probably, her white master. Upon his escape from slavery at age twenty, he adopted the name of the hero of Sir Walter Scott’s The Lady of the Lake. Douglass’s life as a reformer ranged from his abolitionist activities in the early 1840s to his attacks on Jim Crow and lynching in the 1890s. Rhetorically, Douglass was a master of irony, as illustrated by his famous Fourth of July speech in 1852: “This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. Douglass welcomed the Civil War in 1861 as a moral crusade against slavery. Brilliant, heroic, and complex, Douglass became a symbol of his age and a unique voice for humanism and social justice. The Reader’s Companion to American History. The groundbreaking series reimagined.