Institut für Partizipatives Gestalten: Glossary
Position What we do is new. There is no job title for our work and often there are no adequate terms for the tools we use. With this glossary we hope to make it a bit easier for you to speak ‘our language’ and to give you a deeper insight into what we do. We use the adjective ‘generative’ in accordance with Christopher Alexander’s pattern theory in order to specify processes and the steps contained therein (process sequence), which are recursively generated out of themselves. These processes lead to designs which at the start of the processes were not yet (fully) visible. Collective intelligence is the joint intelligence that emerges from a group. Greek: “the way towards”. We understand sustainability as a normative definition of goals, i.e. as our desire and endeavour to sustainably maintain and support life and aliveness. In the sociology of science, and in actor network theories in particular, the terms actor and actant are in use. Latin: “progress, advance”.
Old Norse
Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse. These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.[2] Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old East Norse, Old West Norse, and Old Gutnish. Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them. The 12th-century Icelandic Gray Goose Laws state that Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders and Danes spoke the same language, dǫnsk tunga ("Danish tongue"; speakers of Old East Norse would have said dansk tunga). In some instances the term Old Norse refers specifically to Old West Norse.[3] Old West Norse dialect
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Linguistic prescription
Linguistic prescription, or prescriptive grammar, is the attempt to lay down rules defining preferred or "correct" use of language.[1][2] These rules may address such linguistic aspects as spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, and semantics. Sometimes informed by linguistic purism,[3] such normative practices may suggest that some usages are incorrect, improper, illogical, lack communicative effect, or are of low aesthetic value.[4] They may also include judgments on socially proper and politically correct language use. Linguistic prescriptivism may aim to establish a standard language, teach what a particular society perceives as a correct form, or advise on effective communication. Prescriptive approaches to language are often contrasted with descriptive linguistics ("descriptivism"), which observes and records how language is actually used.[6] The basis of linguistic research is text (corpus) analysis and field study, both of which are descriptive activities. Aims[edit]
Accent (linguistics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Accent may refer to: Speech and language[edit] Music[edit] Art[edit] Computers[edit] Other[edit] Aeros Accent, a paragliderHyundai Accent, car produced by Hyundai Motor CompanyAccent Records, a record labelACCENT Speakers Bureau, a student-run organization at the University of FloridaBrand name for monosodium glutamate (MSG)Accentuation, an increase in intensity of a heart murmur See also[edit]
French language
French (le français [lə fʁ̥ɒ̃sɛ] ( ) or la langue française [la lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛz]) is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick (Acadia region) in Canada also in Haiti, the Acadiana region of the U.S. state of Louisiana, the northern parts of the U.S. states of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the New England region, and by various communities elsewhere. Other speakers of French, who often speak it as a second language,[3] are distributed throughout many parts of the world, the largest numbers of whom reside in Francophone Africa.[4] In Africa, French is most commonly spoken in Gabon (where 80% report fluency),[4] Mauritius (78%), Algeria (75%), Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire (70%). French is estimated as having 110 million[3] native speakers and 190 million more second language speakers.[5] Geographic distribution[edit] Europe[edit] Belgium[edit]
Languages Online
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Linguistic description
Work of objectively describing a particular language All academic research in linguistics is descriptive; like all other scientific disciplines, it seeks to describe reality, without the bias of preconceived ideas about how it ought to be.[2][3][4][5] Modern descriptive linguistics is based on a structural approach to language, as exemplified in the work of Leonard Bloomfield and others.[6] This type of linguistics utilizes different methods in order to describe a language such as basic data collection, and different types of elicitation methods.[7] Descriptive versus prescriptive linguistics[edit] Linguistic description is often contrasted with linguistic prescription,[8] which is found especially in education and in publishing.[9][10] History of the discipline[edit] Even though more and more languages were discovered, the full diversity of language was not yet fully recognized. Methods[edit] The first critical step of language description is to collect data. Challenges[edit] See also[edit]
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific[1] study of language.[2] There are broadly three aspects to the study, which include language form, language meaning, and language in context.[3] The earliest known activities in the description of language have been attributed to Pāṇini around 500 BCE, with his analysis of Sanskrit in Ashtadhyayi.[4] The study of such cultural discourses and dialects is the domain of sociolinguistics, which looks at the relation between linguistic variation and social structures, as well as that of discourse analysis, which involves the structure of texts and conversations.[9] Research on language through historical and evolutionary linguistics focuses on how languages change, and the origin and growth of languages, particularly over an extended period of time. During the 20th century, Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished between the notions of langue and parole in his formulation of structural linguistics. Nomenclature[edit] Variation and Universality[edit] Lexicon[edit]
