Portal:Ancient Near East. The kingdom of Kush: handbook of the Napatan-Meriotic civilization - László Török. Amorite. Amorite (Sumerian 𒈥𒌅 MAR.TU, Akkadian Tidnum or Amurrūm, Egyptian Amar, Hebrew אמורי ʼĔmōrī, Ancient Greek Αμορίτες) refers to an ancient Semitic-speaking people[1] from ancient Syria who also occupied large parts of Mesopotamia from the 21st Century BC.
The term Amurru in Akkadian and Sumerian texts refers to them, as well as to their principal deity. Origin[edit] Known Amorites wrote in a dialect of Akkadian found on tablets at Mari dating from 1800–1750 BC. Since the language shows northwest Semitic forms and constructions, the Amorite language was presumably a northwest Semitic dialect, as opposed to the east Semitic Akkadian language. The main sources for the extremely limited knowledge about Amorite are the proper names, not Akkadian in style, that are preserved in such texts. According to the Hebrew scriptures, Amalek is distinct from the Amorites. From inscriptions and tablets[edit] The MAR.TU who know no grain... Effects on Mesopotamia[edit] Biblical Amorites[edit] Notes[edit] E. Hammurabi. Map showing the Babylonian territory upon Hammurabi's ascension in c. 1792 BC and upon his death in c. 1750 BC Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer", from ʻAmmu, "paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, "healer"; died c. 1750 BC) was the sixth king of Babylon (that is, of the First Babylonian Dynasty) from 1792 BC to 1750 BC middle chronology (1728 BC – 1686 BC short chronology[2]).
He became the first king of the Babylonian Empire following the abdication of his father, Sin-Muballit, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms.[3] Although his empire controlled all of Mesopotamia at the time of his death, his successors were unable to maintain his empire. Susa. Susa (/ˈsuːsə/; Persian: شوش Shush [ʃuʃ]; Greek: Σοῦσα [ˈsuːsa]; Syriac: ܫܘܫ Shush; Old Persian Çūšā-; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּשָׁן Shushān) was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran.
It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers. The modern Iranian town of Shush is located at the site of ancient Susa. Shush is the administrative capital of the Shush County of Iran's Khuzestan province. It had a population of 64,960 in 2005.[1] Elam. Elam was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan( Luristan o Bakhtiari Lurs) and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq.
The modern name Elam is a transcription from Biblical Hebrew, corresponding to the Sumerian elam(a), the Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East.[1] In classical literature, Elam was more often referred to as Susiana,[2] a name derived from its capital, Susa. However, Susiana is not synonymous with Elam, and in its early history was a distinctly separate cultural and political entity.[3] Hurrian language. Mitanni.
Map of the Near East ca. 1400 BC showing the Kingdom of Mitanni at its greatest extent Mitanni (Hittite cuneiform KUR URUMi-ta-an-ni, also Mittani Mi-it-ta-ni) or Hanigalbat (Assyrian Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat cuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat) or Naharin in ancient Egyptian texts was an Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and south-east Anatolia from ca. 1500 BC–1300 BC.
Founded by an Indo-Aryan ruling class governing a predominately Hurrian population, Mitanni came to be a regional power after the Hittite destruction of Amorite[1] Babylon and a series of ineffectual Assyrian kings created a power vacuum in Mesopotamia. Anatolia. Coordinates: Definition[edit] The traditional definition of Anatolia within modern Turkey[2][3]
Ur. The site is marked by the partially restored ruins of the Ziggurat of Ur, which contained the shrine of Nanna, excavated in the 1930s.
The temple was built in the 21st century BC (short chronology), during the reign of Ur-Nammu and was reconstructed in the 6th century BC by Nabonidus, the Assyrian born last king of Babylon. The ruins cover an area of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) northwest to southeast by 800 metres (2,600 ft) northeast to southwest and rise up to about 20 metres (66 ft) above the present plain level.[6] History[edit] Early history[edit] Prehistory[edit]
Ziggurat of Ur. Its remains were excavated in the 1920s and 1930s by Sir Leonard Woolley.
Under Saddam Hussein in the 1980s, they were encased by a partial reconstruction of the façade and the monumental staircase. The ziggurat of Ur is the best-preserved of those known from Iran and Iraq, besides the ziggurat of Dur Untash (Chogha Zanbil).[3] It is one of three well preserved structures of the Neo-Sumerian city of Ur, along with the Royal Mausolea and the Palace of Ur-Nammu (the E-hursag). Sumerian ziggurat[edit] Reconstruction of Ur-Nammu's ziggurat, based on the 1939 reconstruction by Woolley (vol. V, fig. 1.4) Ur, Iraq. Situated near the town of Nasiriya, about 365 km south of Baghdad, Ur, which means a city in the Sumerian and Akkadian languages, is one of Iraq's most imposing ancient sites.
It was the capital of the ancient civilization of Sumeria. This city, which is mentioned several times in the Bible as Ur of the Chaldees (referring to the Chaldeans, whom settled in the area about 900 BC) as the birthplace of Prophet Abraham "Ibrahim Al-Khalil" (pbuh), was one of the most important cities of the Sumerians in the 4th and the 1st half of the 3rd millennium BC. It was also considered as one of the most active and full of life cities in southern Mesopotamia during the following centuries. Remote Sensing. Ancient Civilizations. Hittites. Hittites is the conventional English-language term for an ancient people who spoke an Indo-European language and established a kingdom centered in Hattusa (Hittite Hattushash) where today is the village of Bo azkÐy in north-central Turkey, through most of the second millennium BC.
The Hittite kingdom, which at its height controlled central Anatolia, north-western Syria down to Ugarit, and Mesopotamia down to Babylon, lasted from roughly 1680 BC to about 1180 BC. After 1180 BC, the Hittite polity disintegrated into several independent city-states, some of which survived as late as around 700 BC. The Hittite kingdom, or at least its core region, was apparently called Hatti in the reconstructed Hittite language. Kassites. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites.
The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire ca. 1531 BC and until ca. 1155 BC (short chronology). The Kassites gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of the city in 1595 BC (i.e. 1531 BC per the short chronology), and established a dynasty based in Dur-Kurigalzu.[1][2] The Kassites were members of a small military aristocracy but were efficient rulers and not locally unpopular,[3] and their 500-year reign laid an essential groundwork for the development of subsequent Babylonian culture.[2] The horse, which the Kassites worshipped, first came into use in Babylonia at this time.[3] The Kassite language has not been classified.[2] However, several Kassite leaders bore Indo-European names, and they might have had an Indo-European elite similar to the Mitanni.[4][5] History[edit] Other important centers during the Kassite period were Larsa, Sippar and Susa.
Language isolate. A language isolate, in the absolute sense, is a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. Language isolates are in effect language families consisting of a single language. Commonly cited examples include Basque, Korean, Ainu, and Burushaski, though in each case a minority of linguists claim to have demonstrated a relationship with other languages. Some sources use the term "language isolate" to indicate a branch of a larger family with only one surviving daughter. For instance, Albanian, Armenian and Greek are commonly called Indo-European isolates. Mesopotamian_Chronology_2-2011-29-03.png (731×1037) Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty. The Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty was concluded between Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittite King Hattusili III.
According to most Egyptologists it was concluded in or around 1259 BC,[1][2] marking the official end of negotiations and Ramesses II' acceptance from Hittite diplomats of a silver tablet on which the terms were inscribed. The location where the treaty was signed is uncertain. Its purpose was to establish and maintain peaceful relations between the parties. Istanbul - Museo archeol. - Trattato di Qadesh fra ittiti ed egizi (1269 a.C.) - Foto G. Dall'Orto 28-5-2006.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Minoans - Thera. Crete, Troy.
Minoan civilization. Map of Minoan Crete The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC.[1] It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of British archaeologist Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain. Minoan eruption. There are no clear ancient records of the eruption; the eruption seems to have inspired certain Greek myths,[7] may have caused turmoil in Egypt,[8][9] and may be alluded to in a Chinese chronicle. The Minoans of Crete: HistoryWiz Ancient History. Knossos palace. The Palace of Minos was built over several centuries from about 2000 onward. It was an extensive structure, with an impressive grand staircase and many wings, additions, and storage chambers. Knossos: Reconstruction of part of the Palace at Knossos, reflecting the ideas of Sir Arthur Evans, the original excavator.
Knossos, the Minoan Palace of Knossos in Crete. The Palace at Knossos After the road sign mix-up and unplanned road trip of the previous day, we decided to take a completely different approach to Knossos. Starting early in the morning, we drove to Iraklio and took the port exit. We knew Knossos tour buses departed from a station near the ferry dock, where we assumed there might be a road sign. If worse came to worst, we could always follow a tour bus. FC17: Bronze Age Greece: the Minoans & Mycenaeans (c.2500-1100 BCE) Introduction. Calendar House: Chapter 4 - Forms of Time. 15th century BC. The 15th century BC is a century which lasted from 1500 BC to 1401 BC. The ancient city of Tyre. Mediterranean Geoarchaeology - Research - Recherches. Research interests. Prophecy of Tyre. Geotimes - March 2006 - Uncovering ancient harbors. Ancient Civilizations. Map of Ancient Israel - Nazareth. Karte Mesopotamien.png - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Www.bible-history.com/acp/images/yale/yale-ima027.swf.
Maps-master-archeological-bible-study-map-israel-promised-land.jpg (5000×7266) Middle East Maps. Egypt 1450 BC.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ancient Group Believed Departed Souls Lived in Stone Monuments. Meeting Ariadnh. Baby Boy Name Meanings by Origin. Jewish and Biblical Names - Meaning of Jewish and Biblical Names. Kemetic Names and Meanings. Minoan Names. Mycenaean Names. Mycenae. The Greek Age of Bronze - Sea Peoples. Mariamne Philemon's Home Page.
Early Israelite Campaigns. Money Museum : Picture Tours > Currencies of the Classical World. 2008 November 10 « Substantive Education. Ancient Minoan costumes. Image links. Image links - chapter 4. Bible History Online - Ancient Sketches and Reconstructions. ANCIENT JEWELRY. The Greek Age of Bronze - Chariots. Archaeological Museum Athens.
The Ashmolean Museum's Top Five Treasures. Olympias (trireme) Letter from Burnaburiash to Amenhotep IV. Museu arqueologic de Creta25.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.