Nineteen Eighty-Four History and title[edit] A 1947 draft manuscript of the first page of Nineteen Eighty-Four, showing the editorial development. The Last Man in Europe was an early title for the novel but in a letter dated 22 October 1948 to his publisher Fredric Warburg, eight months before publication, Orwell wrote about hesitating between The Last Man in Europe and Nineteen Eighty-Four.[14] Warburg suggested changing the main title to a more commercial one.[15] Copyright status[edit] The novel will be in the public domain in the European Union and Russia in 2021 and in the United States in 2044.[21] It is already in the public domain in Canada;[22] South Africa,[23] Argentina[24] Australia,[25] and Oman.[26] Background[edit] The banner of the Party in the 1984 film adaptation of the book (I) the upper-class Inner Party, the elite ruling minority, who make up 2% of the population. As the government, the Party controls the population with four ministries: Plot[edit] Characters[edit] Principal characters[edit]
Nineteen Eighty-Four 1949 dystopian novel by George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four (also published as 1984) is a dystopian social science fiction novel and cautionary tale by English writer George Orwell. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Thematically, it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive regimentation of people and behaviours within society.[2][3] Orwell, a democratic socialist, modelled the authoritarian state in the novel on Stalinist Russia and Nazi Germany.[2][3][4] More broadly, the novel examines the role of truth and facts within societies and the ways in which they can be manipulated. Writing and publication[edit] Idea[edit] The Orwell Archive at University College London contains undated notes about ideas that evolved into Nineteen Eighty-Four. Writing[edit] The novel was completed at Barnhill, Jura Title[edit] This idea [...] seems far too cute for such a serious book. [...] Trotsky
Democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a political ideology advocating a democratic political system alongside a socialist economic system. This may refer to extending principles of democracy in the economy (such as through cooperatives or workplace democracy), or may simply refer to trends of socialism that emphasise democratic principles as inalienable from their political project. There is no exact definition of democratic socialism. Some forms of democratic socialism overlap with social democracy, while other forms reject social democratic reformism in its entirety. Definition[edit] Democratic socialism is difficult to define, and groups of political scientists have radically different definitions for the term. But for those who use the term in this way, the scope of the term "socialism" itself can be very vague, and include proposals that exist within and are compatible with capitalism. Some proponents of market socialism see the latter as a form of democratic socialism.[5] History[edit]
V for Vendetta Publication history[edit] When the publishers cancelled Warrior in 1985 (with two completed issues unpublished due to the cancellation), several companies attempted to convince Moore and Lloyd to let them publish and complete the story. In 1988, DC Comics published a ten-issue series that reprinted the Warrior stories in colour, then continued the series to completion. The first new material appeared in issue No. 7, which included the unpublished episodes that would have appeared in Warrior No. 27 and No. 28. Tony Weare drew one chapter ("Vincent") and contributed additional art to two others ("Valerie" and "The Vacation"); Steve Whitaker and Siobhan Dodds worked as colourists on the entire series. Background[edit] David Lloyd's paintings for V for Vendetta in Warrior originally appeared in black-and-white. Cover of Warrior#19, highlighting the comic's conflict between anarchist and fascist philosophies. Plot[edit] Book 1: Europe After the Reign[edit] Book 2: This Vicious Cabaret[edit]
Keep the Aspidistra Flying Novel by George Orwell Book cover of a Penguin Books edition. Keep the Aspidistra Flying, first published in 1936, is a socially critical novel by George Orwell. It is set in 1930s London. The main theme is Gordon Comstock's romantic ambition to defy worship of the money-god and status, and the dismal life that results. Background[edit] Orwell wrote the book in 1934 and 1935, when he was living at various locations near Hampstead in London, and drew on his experiences in these and the preceding few years. In 1932 Orwell took a job as a teacher in a small school in West London. In October 1934, after Orwell had spent nine months at his parents' home in Southwold, his aunt Nellie Limouzin found him a job as a part-time assistant in Booklovers' Corner, a second-hand bookshop in Hampstead run by Francis and Myfanwy Westrope. By the end of February 1935 Orwell had moved into a flat in Parliament Hill; his landlady, Rosalind Obermeyer, was studying at the University of London. Title[edit]
List of democratic socialist parties and organizations - Wikipedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of parties and organizations that are either explicitly democratic socialist or include significant numbers of democratic socialist members (although many do not specifically include the term "Democratic Socialist" in their name). List[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, and From Hell.[1] Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history,[2][3] he has been called "one of the most important British writers of the last fifty years".[4] He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, Translucia Baboon and The Original Writer. Moore is an occultist, ceremonial magician,[6] and anarchist,[7] and has featured such themes in works including Promethea, From Hell, and V for Vendetta, as well as performing avant-garde spoken word occult "workings" with The Moon and Serpent Grand Egyptian Theatre of Marvels, some of which have been released on CD. Early life[edit] "LSD was an incredible experience. Not that I'm recommending it for anybody else; but for me it kind of – it hammered home to me that reality was not a fixed thing. Alan Moore (2003)[2](pp19–20) Career[edit] Early career: 1978–1980[edit]
Coming Up for Air Novel by George Orwell Coming Up for Air is the seventh book by English writer George Orwell, published in June 1939 by Victor Gollancz. It was written between 1938 and 1939 while Orwell spent time recuperating from illness in French Morocco, mainly in Marrakesh. He delivered the completed manuscript to Victor Gollancz upon his return to London in March 1939. Background[edit] As a child, Orwell lived at Shiplake and Henley in the Thames Valley. In 1937 Orwell spent some months fighting in the Spanish Civil War. Orwell was severely ill in 1938 and was advised to spend the winter in a warm climate. Plot summary[edit] The book's themes are nostalgia, the folly of trying to go back and recapture past glories, and the easy way the dreams and aspirations of one's youth can be smothered by the humdrum routine of work, marriage, and getting old. At the book's opening, Bowling has a day off work to go to London to collect a new set of false teeth. Characters[edit] Style[edit] See also[edit]
Why Socialism? - Wikipedia "Why Socialism?"[1] is an article written by Albert Einstein in May 1949 that appeared in the first issue of the socialist journal Monthly Review.[2] Contents[edit] According to Einstein, the profit motive of a capitalist society, in conjunction with competition among capitalists, leads to unnecessary cycles of booms and depressions, and ultimately encourages selfishness instead of cooperation.[3] In addition, the educational system of such a society would be severely undermined because people will educate themselves only to advance their careers. The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of the evil.[1] I am convinced there is only one way to eliminate these grave evils, namely through the establishment of a socialist economy, accompanied by an educational system which would be oriented toward social goals.[1] Einstein asserts that a planned economy that adjusts to production would guarantee a livelihood to every member of society:
DÉFINITION A Clergyman's Daughter A Clergyman's Daughter is a 1935 novel by English author George Orwell. It tells the story of Dorothy Hare, the clergyman's daughter of the title, whose life is turned upside down when she suffers an attack of amnesia. It is Orwell's most formally experimental novel, featuring a chapter written entirely in dramatic form, but he was never satisfied with it and he left instructions that after his death it was not to be reprinted.[1] Despite these instructions, Orwell did consent to the printing of cheap editions "of any book which may bring in a few pounds for my heirs" following his death.[2] Background[edit] After Orwell returned from Paris in December 1929 he used his parents' house in Southwold as his base for the next five years. Rana Balaj was tutoring Orwell and Orwell was writing at Southwold, and resumed his sporadic expeditions going undercover as a tramp in and around London. Title[edit] How now, sirrah, that pound he lent you when you were hungry? Plot summary[edit]
Why Socialism? by Albert Einstein | Monthly Review Albert Einstein is the world-famous physicist. This article was originally published in the first issue of Monthly Review (May 1949). It was subsequently published in May 1998 to commemorate the first issue of MR‘s fiftieth year. —The Editors Is it advisable for one who is not an expert on economic and social issues to express views on the subject of socialism? Let us first consider the question from the point of view of scientific knowledge. But historic tradition is, so to speak, of yesterday; nowhere have we really overcome what Thorstein Veblen called “the predatory phase” of human development. Second, socialism is directed towards a social-ethical end. For these reasons, we should be on our guard not to overestimate science and scientific methods when it is a question of human problems; and we should not assume that experts are the only ones who have a right to express themselves on questions affecting the organization of society. Production is carried on for profit, not for use.
les Précieuses ridicules Comédie en 1 acte et en prose de Molière (1659) ; sa première création parisienne et son premier succès. Rire des travers de ses contemporains Magdelon et Cathos, deux jeunes bourgeoises fraîchement débarquées de province et désireuses de compter dans la société parisienne, ont refusé les demandes en mariage des jeunes seigneurs La Grange et Du Croisy. En effet, les deux prétendants, loin d'être de « beaux esprits », manquent cruellement de galanterie et ignorent tout des raffinements de la carte du Tendre. Magdelon et Cathos sont ridicules, car elles ne sont que des caricatures de précieuses. Molière chef de troupe s'était donné pour la création de la pièce le rôle masculin principal, celui du marquis-valet Mascarille, et prenait le grand comédien Jodelet aux concurrents. La farce satirique fait mouche. Morceaux choisis Vite, voiturez-nous ici les commodités de la conversation. (Scène 9, Magdelon). (Scène 9, Cathos). Les gens de qualité savent tout sans avoir jamais rien appris.