Nineteen Eighty-Four History and title[edit] A 1947 draft manuscript of the first page of Nineteen Eighty-Four, showing the editorial development. The Last Man in Europe was an early title for the novel but in a letter dated 22 October 1948 to his publisher Fredric Warburg, eight months before publication, Orwell wrote about hesitating between The Last Man in Europe and Nineteen Eighty-Four.[14] Warburg suggested changing the main title to a more commercial one.[15] Copyright status[edit] The novel will be in the public domain in the European Union and Russia in 2021 and in the United States in 2044.[21] It is already in the public domain in Canada;[22] South Africa,[23] Argentina[24] Australia,[25] and Oman.[26] Background[edit] The banner of the Party in the 1984 film adaptation of the book (I) the upper-class Inner Party, the elite ruling minority, who make up 2% of the population. As the government, the Party controls the population with four ministries: Plot[edit] Characters[edit] Principal characters[edit]
Democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a political ideology advocating a democratic political system alongside a socialist economic system. This may refer to extending principles of democracy in the economy (such as through cooperatives or workplace democracy), or may simply refer to trends of socialism that emphasise democratic principles as inalienable from their political project. There is no exact definition of democratic socialism. Some forms of democratic socialism overlap with social democracy, while other forms reject social democratic reformism in its entirety. Definition[edit] Democratic socialism is difficult to define, and groups of political scientists have radically different definitions for the term. But for those who use the term in this way, the scope of the term "socialism" itself can be very vague, and include proposals that exist within and are compatible with capitalism. Some proponents of market socialism see the latter as a form of democratic socialism.[5] History[edit]
V for Vendetta Publication history[edit] When the publishers cancelled Warrior in 1985 (with two completed issues unpublished due to the cancellation), several companies attempted to convince Moore and Lloyd to let them publish and complete the story. In 1988, DC Comics published a ten-issue series that reprinted the Warrior stories in colour, then continued the series to completion. The first new material appeared in issue No. 7, which included the unpublished episodes that would have appeared in Warrior No. 27 and No. 28. Tony Weare drew one chapter ("Vincent") and contributed additional art to two others ("Valerie" and "The Vacation"); Steve Whitaker and Siobhan Dodds worked as colourists on the entire series. Background[edit] David Lloyd's paintings for V for Vendetta in Warrior originally appeared in black-and-white. Cover of Warrior#19, highlighting the comic's conflict between anarchist and fascist philosophies. Plot[edit] Book 1: Europe After the Reign[edit] Book 2: This Vicious Cabaret[edit]
List of democratic socialist parties and organizations - Wikipedia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of parties and organizations that are either explicitly democratic socialist or include significant numbers of democratic socialist members (although many do not specifically include the term "Democratic Socialist" in their name). List[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] Alan Moore Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English writer primarily known for his work in comic books including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, and From Hell.[1] Frequently described as the best graphic novel writer in history,[2][3] he has been called "one of the most important British writers of the last fifty years".[4] He has occasionally used such pseudonyms as Curt Vile, Jill de Ray, Translucia Baboon and The Original Writer. Moore is an occultist, ceremonial magician,[6] and anarchist,[7] and has featured such themes in works including Promethea, From Hell, and V for Vendetta, as well as performing avant-garde spoken word occult "workings" with The Moon and Serpent Grand Egyptian Theatre of Marvels, some of which have been released on CD. Early life[edit] "LSD was an incredible experience. Not that I'm recommending it for anybody else; but for me it kind of – it hammered home to me that reality was not a fixed thing. Alan Moore (2003)[2](pp19–20) Career[edit] Early career: 1978–1980[edit]
Why Socialism? - Wikipedia "Why Socialism?"[1] is an article written by Albert Einstein in May 1949 that appeared in the first issue of the socialist journal Monthly Review.[2] Contents[edit] According to Einstein, the profit motive of a capitalist society, in conjunction with competition among capitalists, leads to unnecessary cycles of booms and depressions, and ultimately encourages selfishness instead of cooperation.[3] In addition, the educational system of such a society would be severely undermined because people will educate themselves only to advance their careers. The economic anarchy of capitalist society as it exists today is, in my opinion, the real source of the evil.[1] I am convinced there is only one way to eliminate these grave evils, namely through the establishment of a socialist economy, accompanied by an educational system which would be oriented toward social goals.[1] Einstein asserts that a planned economy that adjusts to production would guarantee a livelihood to every member of society:
DÉFINITION Why Socialism? by Albert Einstein | Monthly Review Albert Einstein is the world-famous physicist. This article was originally published in the first issue of Monthly Review (May 1949). It was subsequently published in May 1998 to commemorate the first issue of MR‘s fiftieth year. —The Editors Is it advisable for one who is not an expert on economic and social issues to express views on the subject of socialism? Let us first consider the question from the point of view of scientific knowledge. But historic tradition is, so to speak, of yesterday; nowhere have we really overcome what Thorstein Veblen called “the predatory phase” of human development. Second, socialism is directed towards a social-ethical end. For these reasons, we should be on our guard not to overestimate science and scientific methods when it is a question of human problems; and we should not assume that experts are the only ones who have a right to express themselves on questions affecting the organization of society. Production is carried on for profit, not for use.
les Précieuses ridicules Comédie en 1 acte et en prose de Molière (1659) ; sa première création parisienne et son premier succès. Rire des travers de ses contemporains Magdelon et Cathos, deux jeunes bourgeoises fraîchement débarquées de province et désireuses de compter dans la société parisienne, ont refusé les demandes en mariage des jeunes seigneurs La Grange et Du Croisy. En effet, les deux prétendants, loin d'être de « beaux esprits », manquent cruellement de galanterie et ignorent tout des raffinements de la carte du Tendre. Magdelon et Cathos sont ridicules, car elles ne sont que des caricatures de précieuses. Molière chef de troupe s'était donné pour la création de la pièce le rôle masculin principal, celui du marquis-valet Mascarille, et prenait le grand comédien Jodelet aux concurrents. La farce satirique fait mouche. Morceaux choisis Vite, voiturez-nous ici les commodités de la conversation. (Scène 9, Magdelon). (Scène 9, Cathos). Les gens de qualité savent tout sans avoir jamais rien appris.
Yanis Varoufakis - Wikipedia Born in Athens in 1961, Varoufakis attended Moraitis School before moving to the United Kingdom, where he studied mathematics at the University of Essex, got a postgraduate degree in mathematical statistics at University of Birmingham, and a PhD in economics back at Essex. Whilst at university, he was a supporter of various political causes. Following university, he began a career in academic economics, teaching at the universities of Essex, East Anglia, and Cambridge between 1982 and 1988. Following Margaret Thatcher's third election victory in 1987, Varoufakis left the UK and moved to Australia, where he taught at the University of Sydney until 2000. He returned to Greece that year to teach at the University of Athens, where he led a doctoral program and was promoted to full professor in 2005. In January 2015, Varoufakis was appointed as the Minister of Finance, and led negotiation with Greece's creditors during the Greek government-debt crisis. Early life and education[edit] [edit]
Les précieuses ridicules, quelques éléments Karen people - Wikipedia Ethnolinguistic group of people in Myanmar and Thailand The Karen[a] () are an ethnolinguistic group of Sino-Tibetan language-speaking peoples. The group as a whole is heterogeneous and disparate as many Karen ethnic groups do not associate or identify with each other culturally or linguistically. These Karen groups reside primarily in Kayin State, southern and southeastern Myanmar. The Karen, approximately five million people, account for approximately seven per cent of the Burmese population.[8] Many Karen have migrated to Thailand, having settled mostly on the Thailand–Myanmar border. The Karen groups as a whole are often confused with the Padaung tribe, best known for the neck rings worn by their women, but they are just one sub-group of Red Karens (Karenni), one of the tribes of Kayah in Kayah State, Myanmar. Some of the Karen, led primarily by the Karen National Union (KNU), have waged war against the Burmese government since early-1949. Origins[edit] Distribution[edit] Animism[edit]
Les Misérables 2 - Hugo, Victor Tome 2. Ce roman, un des plus populaires de la littérature française, a donné lieu à de nombreuses adaptations au cinéma. Victor Hugo y décrit la vie de misérables dans Paris et la France provinciale du xixe siècle et s'attache plus particulièrement aux pas du bagnard Jean Valjean qui n'est pas sans rappeler le condamné à mort du Dernier Jour d'un condamné ou Claude Gueux.