Bioethanol. Cours économie chocs pétroliers. » Blog Archive » La crise de 1973. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le pétrole est une ressource qui a pris une importance considérable, tant d’un point de vue économique que géopolitique.
En effet, les principaux troubles survenus dans le dernier quart du XXème siècle restent liés en grande partie à l’approvisionnement en ressources pétrolières. Afin de comprendre au mieux les causes, les manifestations et les effets de la crise de 1973, il convient de tenir compte du contexte historique d’alors. Cette place prépondérante se matérialise donc de manière ostensible par le déroulement de grandes batailles pour la possession des puits de pétrole, denrée devenue éminemment stratégique étant donnée le nombre important de bâtiments navals, de véhicules blindés et d’avions utilisés pendant le conflit. En Iran, le shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi1 est contraint d’abdiquer du fait de l’invasion de son pays par les Britanniques et les Soviétiques. I/ La crise de 1973, un phénomène multifactoriel. Cours d'économie - Economie politique - Economie monétaire - Déflation, désinflation, debt deflation.
Chapitre 2.pdf. Microsoft Word - IV-complet-FR.doc - 34087712. Biofuels. A biofuel is a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation.
These fuels are produced from living organisms. Examples of this carbon fixation occur in plants and microalgae. The future of biofuels: The Economist. Biofuels, Biodiesel and Ethanol - NYTimes article index. Biofuels - Guardian Article index. Biofuel Facts, Biofuel Information. Biofuels have been around as long as cars have.
At the start of the 20th century, Henry Ford planned to fuel his Model Ts with ethanol, and early diesel engines were shown to run on peanut oil. But discoveries of huge petroleum deposits kept gasoline and diesel cheap for decades, and biofuels were largely forgotten. However, with the recent rise in oil prices, along with growing concern about global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions, biofuels have been regaining popularity. Gasoline and diesel are actually ancient biofuels.
But they are known as fossil fuels because they are made from decomposed plants and animals that have been buried in the ground for millions of years. Much of the gasoline in the United States is blended with a biofuel—ethanol. Biofuels Wikipedia. 3-10-Oil-vs.-Food.jpg (JPEG Image, 600 × 415 pixels) Company speech. The situation in the world oil market changed completely after the two oil crises in 1973 and 1979.
The oil producing countries - united in OPEC - decided to raise the price of crude oil drastically. At one point, the price of a barrel of oil was ten times the prevailing price in the previous decades. This led to a severe economic recession. Energy savings became the priority, to the detriment of growth, and naturally the demand for oil fell. The net result was overcapacity. In this period during the early 1970s, Esso completely modernized the Antwerp industrial complex. Oil crises. General background. The oil crisis, or "shock", caused many global short-term and long-term economic and political effects.
High level Summary[edit] OAPEC initiated the embargo in response to US involvement in the Oct 6, 1973 Yom Kippur War. Six days after Egypt and Syria launched the surprise military campaign against Israel in order to regain Arab territories lost to Israel in the 1967 Six Day War, the United States chose to re-supply Israel with arms.[3] OAPEC decided to retaliate, announcing an oil embargo against Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[4] The crisis had a large impact on global relations. History and Analysis -Crude Oil Prices. OPEC has seldom been effective at controlling prices.
Often described as a cartel, OPEC does not fully satisfy the definition. One of the primary requirements of a cartel is a mechanism to enforce member quotas. Skeptical Eye: The Coming Global Oil Crisis. Sometimes complex truths become more clear when we put them in very simple terms.
Around the world, political leaders are still living in the delusion that we have time on our hands to find sensible alternatives to oil. But global oil production has peaked. EGEE 120: Oil: International Evolution. Printer-friendly version Reading Assignment Begin this lesson by reading chapter 33 in The Prize, then review the online notes that follow.
The questions below should help guide your reading and viewing as to the important individuals, issues, or topics. 1973 oil crisis. Slow down today or walk tomorrow. Sorry, NO GAS. Horse-drawn van. File:Oil Prices 1861 2007.svg. I saw Image:Oil Prices 1861 2006.jpg recently and found it to be very useful.
I noticed that it was in JPEG format, and saw that it was based on government sources which are available online, so I decided to recreate it in a lossless image format and update it to 2007. I've been experimenting with SVG lately, so I decided to try that instead of just saving a chart as a PNG. I found that I had to do a good bit of reverse engineering of data, and so I would like to document that here so that this graph can be more easily maintained in the future.
I found that the source quoted by the previous image, this spreadsheet from the Energy Information Administration (EIA), only provides data up to 1999 and uses 1999 dollars. It appears to provide conversions to real 1999 dollars using the United States Consumer Price Index (CPI), available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics here. Oil crisis. OPEC Members and Countries with more than 10 Billion Barrels of Oil Reserves. (Detailed PDF Map) OPEC includes 12 members on 3 continents.
The founding members (1960) are Venezuela, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait who are all still part of OPEC. Peak oil. Daniel Yergin: What's Wrong With Peak Oil. We were wrong on peak oil. There's enough to fry us all. The facts have changed, now we must change too. For the past 10 years an unlikely coalition of geologists, oil drillers, bankers, military strategists and environmentalists has been warning that peak oil – the decline of global supplies – is just around the corner. We had some strong reasons for doing so: production had slowed, the price had risen sharply, depletion was widespread and appeared to be escalating. The first of the great resource crunches seemed about to strike.
Have we reached peak oil. Eventually, we will run out of oil. It takes at least 10 million years, specific geological processes and a mass extinction of dinosaurs and other ancient creatures to create crude oil -- making it the definition of a nonrenewable resource. But it's impossible to tell exactly when we will run out of oil, since we can't look into the Earth's mantle to see just how much is left. The oil company BP said that we've got plenty of oil left, according to its Statistical Review of World Energy published in June 2008. Former BP geologist: peak oil is here and it will 'break economies' A former British Petroleum (BP) geologist has warned that the age of cheap oil is long gone, bringing with it the danger of "continuous recession" and increased risk of conflict and hunger.
At a lecture on 'Geohazards' earlier this month as part of the postgraduate Natural Hazards for Insurers course at University College London (UCL), Dr. Richard G. Miller, who worked for BP from 1985 before retiring in 2008, said that official data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), US Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Monetary Fund (IMF), among other sources, showed that conventional oil had most likely peaked around 2008.
Dr. Peak Oil: The End of the Oil Age. 110523_cartoon_600.jpg (JPEG Image, 600 × 486 pixels) Peak_Oil.jpg (JPEG Image, 716 × 415 pixels) Op-Ed Contributor - ‘Peak Oil’ Is a Waste of Energy. An Incredible Hand-Drawn Guide To The Peak Oil Crisis. An Incredible Hand-Drawn Guide To The Peak Oil Crisis. History recap. A Portland, Oregon gasoline station is open for business during the 1973-74 oil crisis, but offers its fuel at a high price. Photograph by David Falconer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Archives Project DOCUMERICA. The Arab Oil Embargo: A Crisis That Saved Us. 40 years after the oil crisis: Could it happen again?