REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS. "Relative State" Formulation of Quantum Mechanics* Hugh Everett, lIl † Palmer Physical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey * Thesis submitted to Princeton University March 1, 1957 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree.
An earlier draft dated January, 1956 was circulated to several physicists whose comments were helpful. Professor Niels Bohr, Dr. . † Present address: Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, The Pentagon. The task of quantizing general relativity raises serious questions about the meaning of the present formulation and interpretation of quantum mechanics when applied to so fundamental a structure as the space-time geometry itself. The aim is not to deny or contradict the conventional formulation of quantum theory, which has demonstrated its usefulness in an overwhelming variety of problems, but rather to supply a new, more general and complete formulation, from which the conventional interpretation can be deduced. Louis de Broglie - Biography. Louis de Broglie. Max Planck - Biography. Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, the son of Julius Wilhelm and Emma (née Patzig) Planck.
His father was Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel, and later in Göttingen. Planck studied at the Universities of Munich and Berlin, where his teachers included Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, and received his doctorate of philosophy at Munich in 1879. He was Privatdozent in Munich from 1880 to 1885, then Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics at Kiel until 1889, in which year he succeeded Kirchhoff as Professor at Berlin University, where he remained until his retirement in 1926.
Afterwards he became President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Promotion of Science, a post he held until 1937. The Prussian Academy of Sciences appointed him a member in 1894 and Permanent Secretary in 1912. This was not only Planck's most important work but also marked a turning point in the history of physics. Planck was twice married. Albert Messiah à l'École polytechnique - CERIMES. Albert Messiah, de la France libre à la mécanique quantique. Wolfgang Pauli - Biography. Wolfgang Pauli was born on April 25th, 1900 in Vienna.
He received his early education in Vienna before studying at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld. He obtained his doctor's degree in 1921 and spent a year at the University of Göttingen as assistant to Max Born and a further year with Niels Bohr at Copenhagen. The years 1923-1928 were spent as a lecturer at the University of Hamburg before his appointment as Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
During 1935-1936, he was visiting Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey and he had similar appointments at the University of Michigan (1931 and 1941) and Purdue University (1942). He was elected to the Chair of Theoretical Physics at Princeton in 1940 but he returned to Zurich at the end of World War II. Pauli was outstanding among the brilliant mid-twentieth century school of physicists. Niels Bohr - Biography. Niels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885, as the son of Christian Bohr, Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, and his wife Ellen, née Adler.
Niels, together with his younger brother Harald (the future Professor in Mathematics), grew up in an atmosphere most favourable to the development of his genius - his father was an eminent physiologist and was largely responsible for awakening his interest in physics while still at school, his mother came from a family distinguished in the field of education. After matriculation at the Gammelholm Grammar School in 1903, he entered Copenhagen University where he came under the guidance of Professor C.
Christiansen, a profoundly original and highly endowed physicist, and took his Master's degree in Physics in 1909 and his Doctor's degree in 1911. In the autumn of 1911 he made a stay at Cambridge, where he profited by following the experimental work going on in the Cavendish Laboratory under Sir J.J. Biographie : Paul Dirac. Physicien Fondements de la mécanique quantique, équation de Dirac, antimatière, QED, monopôle magnétique, statistique quantique des fermions, distribution de Dirac, action de Dirac-Born-Infeld, quantification des systèmes contraints...
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac est un physicien et mathématicien britannique né le 8 août 1902 à Bristol et mort le 20 octobre 1984 à Tallahassee, Floride (États-Unis). Certains le considèrent comme le second physicien théoricien du XX ième siècle juste après Einstein et probablement à égalité avec Feynman. Ayant passé un diplôme d’ingénieur électricien, il ne tarda pas à rejoindre l’Université de Cambridge où son directeur de thèse, Fowler, lui fit connaître la théorie quantique et les tout nouveaux travaux de Heisenberg sur ce sujet.
Comprenant l’approche de Heisenberg mieux que lui-même, il retrouva de façon indépendante l’essentielle de la formulation de la mécanique quantique donnée par Heisenberg, Born et Jordan. Werner Heisenberg - Biography. Werner Heisenberg was born on 5th December, 1901, at Würzburg.
He was the son of Dr. August Heisenberg and his wife Annie Wecklein. His father later became Professor of the Middle and Modern Greek languages in the University of Munich. It was probably due to his influence that Heisenberg remarked, when the Japanese physicist Yukawa discovered the particle now known as the meson and the term "mesotron" was proposed for it, that the Greek word "mesos" has no "tr" in it, with the result that the name "mesotron" was changed to "meson". Никола Тесла Параллельные миры [Tesla The parallel worlds] Ce que Darwin ne savait pas encore - La fin des croyances créationnistes. Physiciens quantiques. Stephen Hawking 1942-