Alexandre Blok, l’inconnue Un essai de traduction par Serge Venturini La poésie d’Alexandre Blok est par-dessus tout ondes de musique et nappes de lyrisme. Le soin extrême qu’il portait aux rimes versifiées, aux assonances de la langue russe est perdu dans le chemin de la traduction. Qu’au moins le parfum de ses mots soit ici rendu. Ce défi de la traduction Serge Venturini, en tant que poète, le résout et s’en explique: « Le poète est un grand musicien isolé, un évacué, un perforé, un homme troué. « Je pense que je suis née pour la Solitude magnifique, peuplée d’ombres héroïques, que je n’ai besoin de rien d’autre que d’elle — d’eux — de moi,… écrivait Tsvétaéva, le 14 juillet 1919, qu’il est indigne de moi de me faire chat et colombe, de câliner et roucouler dans les bras d’un autre, que tout cela est au-dessous de moi. » Dans les bribes de paroles J’entends la marche brumeuse Des autres mondes Et du temps le sombre vol, Je sais chanter avec le vent… ( Traduction Serge Venturini) haut de la page L’INCONNUE (Neznakomka) A.
Scottish Enlightenment The Scottish Enlightenment (Scots: Scots Enlichtenment, Scottish Gaelic: Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. By the eighteenth century, Scotland had a network of parish schools in the Lowlands and four universities. The Enlightenment culture was based on close readings of new books, and intense discussions took place daily at such intellectual gathering places in Edinburgh as The Select Society and, later, The Poker Club, as well as within Scotland's ancient universities (St Andrews, Aberdeen, Glasgow, and Edinburgh).[1][2] Sharing the humanist and rationalist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same time period, the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment asserted the importance of human reason combined with a rejection of any authority that could not be justified by reason. Background[edit] Economic growth[edit] Education system[edit] Literature[edit]
Egalitarianism Trend of thought that favors equality for all people Egalitarianism (from French égal 'equal'), or equalitarianism,[1][2] is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.[3] Egalitarian doctrines are generally characterized by the idea that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or moral status.[4] As such, all citizens of a state should be accorded equal rights and treatment under the law.[5][6] Egalitarian doctrines have supported many modern social movements, including the Enlightenment, feminism, civil rights, and international human rights.[7] Forms[edit] Some specifically focused egalitarian concerns include communism, legal egalitarianism, luck egalitarianism, political egalitarianism, gender egalitarianism, racial equality, equality of opportunity, and Christian egalitarianism. Common forms of egalitarianism include political and philosophical.[8] Legal egalitarianism[edit] Equality of person[edit]
Founding Fathers of the United States American leaders who set up the first US government The Founding Fathers of the United States, or simply the Founding Fathers or Founders, were a group of late-18th century American revolutionary leaders who united the Thirteen Colonies, led the war for independence from Great Britain, and crafted a framework of government for the new United States nation. Terminology John Adams, in response to praise for his generation, rejoined, "I ought not to object to your reverence for your fathers, meaning those concerned with the direction of public affairs, but to tell you a very great secret ... I have no reason to believe we were better than you are." He also wrote, "Don't call me, ... The phrase "Founding Fathers," was first coined by Senator Warren G. Key founders George Washington served as president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention, and became the nation's first president.[26] Historian Richard B. Framers and signers Other delegates Additional founders Women Other patriots Gallery of Founders
Aider les élèves à mémoriser l'orthographe des mots : Orthographe illustrée et comptines orthographiques - Maîtresseuh Il y a des enfants (Dyslexiques, dysorthographiques... ou pas) qui n’arrivent définitivement pas à mémoriser l'orthographe des mots, mêmes des plus fréquents. Deux techniques à tester pour leur venir en aide : L'orthographe illustrée, pour miser sur la mémoire visuelleLes comptines orthographiques, pour miser sur la mémoire auditive L'orthographe, c'est tellement abstrait... pourquoi faut il 2 n à tunnel ? C'est une idée que j'ai découverte grâce à L'orthographe illustrée de Sylvianne Valdois : La méthode visuo-sémantique, cautionnée par la recherche actuelle en neuro-psychologie cognitive, facilite la mémorisation des particularités orthographiques grâce à un moyen mnémotechnique à la fois visuel et sémantique : on mémorise la forme orthographique du mot. C'est une manière assez simple et ludique, qui permet à l'enfant de se créer une bonne image mentale du mot. On peut aussi télécharger gratuitement le mode d'emploi et des planches illustrées en couleur sur le site du CNRS de Grenoble.
Classical republicanism Classical republicanism, also known as civic republicanism[1] or civic humanism,[2] is a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity, especially such classical writers as Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero. Classical republicanism is built around concepts such as civil society, civic virtue and mixed government. Development[edit] In the classical period itself the term republicanism did not exist, but the term res publica, which translates literally as "the public thing" or "the public affair," was in usage. One variant of classical republicanism is known as "civic humanism", a term first employed by the German scholar of late medieval and early modern Italian history, Hans Baron.[7] And although in certain cases and with certain scholars there is a subtle distinction between the two, they are for all intents and purposes interchangeable. See also[edit] People Notes[edit] References[edit] Brugger, Bill (1999).
Thirteen Colonies British colonies forming the United States The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the New England Colonies, which included New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; the Middle Colonies, which included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; and the Southern Colonies, which included Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.[4] The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, dominated by Protestant English-speakers. The first of these colonies was Virginia, established in 1607. The colonial population grew from about 2,000 to 2.4 million between 1625 and 1775, displacing Native Americans. The 13 colonies had a high degree of self-governance and active local elections, and they resisted London's demands for more control over them. British colonies New England colonies Middle colonies Southern colonies 17th century New England 18th century Global trade and immigration French and Indian War
Thomas Paine Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), in part a defence of the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on British writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel. In 1792, despite not being able to speak French, he was elected to the French National Convention. In December 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794. Early life[edit] Paine was born on January 29, 1736[Note 1] (NS February 9, 1737) the son of Joseph Pain, or Paine, a Quaker, and Frances (née Cocke), an Anglican, in Thetford, an important market town and coach stage-post, in rural Norfolk, England.[6] Born Thomas Pain, despite claims that he changed his family name upon his emigration to America in 1774,[7] he was using Paine in 1769, whilst still in Lewes, Sussex.[8] Thomas Paine's house in Lewes He barely survived the transatlantic voyage.