Endocrine system In addition to the specialised endocrine organs mentioned above, many other organs that are part of other body systems, such as bone, kidney, liver, heart and gonads, have secondary endocrine functions. For example the kidney secretes endocrine hormones such as erythropoietin and renin. A number of glands that signal each other in sequence are usually referred to as an axis, for example, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. As opposed to endocrine factors that travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system, other signaling molecules, such as paracrine factors involved in paracrine signalling diffuse over a relatively short distance. The word endocrine derives from the Greek words ἐνδο- endo- "inside, within," and κρίνειν krinein "to separate, distinguish". Endocrine organs and known secreted hormones[edit] Endocrine glands in the human head and neck and their hormones Hypothalamus[edit] Pineal body (epiphysis)[edit] Pituitary gland (hypophysis)[edit] Thyroid[edit] Skin[edit]
120 Ways to Boost Your Brain Power Here are 120 things you can do starting today to help you think faster, improve memory, comprehend information better and unleash your brain’s full potential. Solve puzzles and brainteasers.Cultivate ambidexterity. Use your non-dominant hand to brush your teeth, comb your hair or use the mouse. Readers’ Contributions Dance! Contribute your own tip! There are many, many ways to keep our brains sharp. The myth of the eight-hour sleep Image copyright Other We often worry about lying awake in the middle of the night - but it could be good for you. A growing body of evidence from both science and history suggests that the eight-hour sleep may be unnatural. In the early 1990s, psychiatrist Thomas Wehr conducted an experiment in which a group of people were plunged into darkness for 14 hours every day for a month. It took some time for their sleep to regulate but by the fourth week the subjects had settled into a very distinct sleeping pattern. Though sleep scientists were impressed by the study, among the general public the idea that we must sleep for eight consecutive hours persists. In 2001, historian Roger Ekirch of Virginia Tech published a seminal paper, drawn from 16 years of research, revealing a wealth of historical evidence that humans used to sleep in two distinct chunks. Image copyright bbc "It's not just the number of references - it is the way they refer to it, as if it was common knowledge," Ekirch says.
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The Mammalian Pineal Gland May Be The Third Eye | Pureinsight Author: Prof. Lili Feng and et al 'Modern medical dissection has already discovered that the front section of the pineal gland is equipped with the complete structure of a human eye. In recent years, scientists gradually discovered that the mammalian pineal gland is photo sensitive. Photic information reaches it via a multi synaptic pathway originating in retina and passing through suprachiasmatic regions of the hypothalamus (1). Five years after the publication of Zhuan Falun, Lucas et al. (5) published a paper in Science, one of the most well known scientific journals. It is well known, with neither retinal photoreceptors nor optic signal transduction pathways, that the conventional visual pathway cannot be established. On the contrary, much evidence suggests that the pineal gland may be able to directly sense the light. References: 1.
Category:Creativity Techniques This A to Z of Creativity and Innovation Techniques, provides an introduction to a range of tools and techniques for both idea generation (Creativity) and converting those ideas into reality (Innovation). Like most tools these techniques all have their good and bad points. I like to think of these creativity and innovation techniques as tools in a toolbox in much the same way as my toolbox at home for DIY. It has a saw, spanner, hammer, knife and all sorts of other things in it, they are all very useful, but you have to pick the right tool (creativity / Innovation technique) for each job. For the future, the aim is to also have sub-categories which will identify Techniques for; Problem Definition - including problem analysis, redifinition, and all aspects associated with defining the problem clearly. Special thanks to the Open University for their kind permission to use material from their publication B822. Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.
Prune bad brain wiring with magnetic pulses - health - 18 February 2012 By Wendy Zukerman ZAPPING the brain with a weak magnetic pulse can wipe out unwanted neural connections in mice at least. The discovery could be turned into a treatment for conditions associated with abnormal neural circuitry, such as schizophrenia. In transcranial magnetic stimulation a magnetic coil induces electric currents in the brain that can strengthen or suppress neural connections. This technique has been shown to improve symptoms in people with brain disorders such as autism and depression. Now, Jennifer Rodger from the University of Western Australia in Crawley and colleagues have found that stimulating the brain at intensities lower than would make a neuron fire can remove unwanted neural connections in mice. As children, our brains produce too many connections between cells. Rodger’s team used genetically modified mice with abnormal connections in an area of the brain called the superior colliculus (SC), which is involved in motion detection. More on these topics:
How to Organize Mail Flexibly Using Virtual Folders in Mozilla Thunderbird Filtering incoming mail to folders based on the sender or certain keywords is a practical way of getting mail pre-organized in Mozilla Thunderbird. Most Messages Belong to More Than One Folder Unfortunately, most messages really belong to more than just one folder. Fortunately, there's still search, and you can probably find the missing message employing Mozilla Thunderbird's search dialog and a number of criteria. Using Saved Search folders you can create "virtual" mailboxes that automatically search for messages matching their criteria in all your Mozilla Thunderbird folders. Organize Mail Flexibly Using Virtual Folders in Mozilla Thunderbird To organize mail flexibly using virtual folders in Mozilla Thunderbird: Select File | New | Saved Search... from the menu. You can set up a Saved Search folder that displays mail from people you know received during the last seven days, for example. Sender is in my address book Personal Address Book and Age In Days is less than 8 while
The Lies Your Mind Tells You to Prevent Life Changes 22 Ways to Overclock Your Brain “I just found out that the brain is like a computer. If that’s true, then there really aren’t any stupid people. Just people running DOS.” - Anonymous The brain is a three-pound supercomputer. Your brain is more complicated than any computer we can imagine. It’s simple, your brain is at the center of everything you do, all you feel and think, and every nuance of how you relate to people. No matter what your age, mental exercise has a global, positive effect on the brain. 1. Research suggests that people who get plenty of physical exercise can wind up with better brains. 2. It isn’t just physical exercise that gets those brain cells jumping. 3. Our brains are wired to be curious. 4. Scientists tell us that laughter is good for our health; that it releases endorphins and other positively powerful chemicals into our system. 5. Omega-3 oils, found in walnuts, flaxseed and especially fish, have long been touted as being healthy for the heart. 6. 7. Can “bad” fats make you dumb? 8. 9. 10. 11.
MIT discovers the location of memories: Individual neurons Update 12/2/15: We've now followed up on this story: The more we learn about memory, the weirder it gets. The original continues below. MIT researchers have shown, for the first time ever, that memories are stored in specific brain cells. By triggering a small cluster of neurons, the researchers were able to force the subject to recall a specific memory. By removing these neurons, the subject would lose that memory. As you can imagine, the trick here is activating individual neurons, which are incredibly small and not really the kind of thing you can attach electrodes to. Now, just to temper your excitement, we should note that MIT's subjects in this case are mice -- but it's very, very likely that the human brain functions in the same way. In the experiment, MIT gave mice an electric shock to create a fear memory in the hippocampus region of the brain (pictured above) -- and then later, using laser light, activated the neurons where the memory was stored.
How To Make An eBook 10 Surprising Things That Benefit Our Brains That You Can Do Every Day | Belle Beth Cooper One of the things that surprises me time and time again is how we think our brains work and how they actually work. On many occasions I find myself convinced that there is a certain way to do things, only to find out that actually that's the complete wrong way to think about it. For example, I always found it fairly understandable that we can multitask. Well, according to the latest research studies, it's literally impossible for our brains to handle two tasks at the same time. Recently I came across more of these fascinating experiments and ideas that helped me adjust my workflow toward how our brains actually work. So here are 10 of the most surprising things our brains do and what we can learn from them: 1. When I explored the science of our body clocks and how they affect our daily routines, I was interested to find that a lot of the way I'd planned my days wasn't really the best way to go about it. Here's how it breaks down: Insight problems involve thinking outside the box. 2. 3. 4.