http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter
Dark Energy (Wikipedia) Adding the cosmological constant to cosmology's standard FLRW metric leads to the Lambda-CDM model, which has been referred to as the "standard model" of cosmology because of its precise agreement with observations. Dark energy has been used as a crucial ingredient in a recent attempt to formulate a cyclic model for the universe.[8] Nature of dark energy[edit] Many things about the nature of dark energy remain matters of speculation. The evidence for dark energy is indirect but comes from three independent sources: Distance measurements and their relation to redshift, which suggest the universe has expanded more in the last half of its life.[9]The theoretical need for a type of additional energy that is not matter or dark matter to form our observationally flat universe (absence of any detectable global curvature).It can be inferred from measures of large scale wave-patterns of mass density in the universe.
Martin White: Dark Matter We believe that most of the matter in the universe is dark, i.e. cannot be detected from the light which it emits (or fails to emit). This is "stuff" which cannot be seen directly -- so what makes us think that it exists at all? Its presence is inferred indirectly from the motions of astronomical objects, specifically stellar, galactic, and galaxy cluster/supercluster observations.
Biology's 'dark matter' hints at fourth domain of life - life - 18 March 2011 Read more: Click here to read the updated version of this story Step far enough back from the tree of life and it begins to look quite simple. At its heart are just three stout branches, representing the three domains of life: bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. But that's too simple, according to a band of biologists who believe we may be on the verge of discovering the fourth domain of life. Dwarf galaxies suggest dark matter theory may be wrong 16 September 2011Last updated at 18:47 By Leila Battison Science reporter, Bradford Dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way are less dense than they should be if they held cold dark matter Scientists' predictions about the mysterious dark matter purported to make up most of the mass of the Universe may have to be revised. Research on dwarf galaxies suggests they cannot form in the way they do if dark matter exists in the form that the most common model requires it to.
New transparent solar cells can be used on windows, smartphone screens (Science Alert) This new type of transparent solar cell can be used to cover windows, buildings or smartphone screens to produce solar energy. Named a transparent luminescent solar concentrator and developed by researchers in Michigan State University in the US, this material can be used to cover anything that has a flat, clear surface. Transparent solar cell technology has been attempted before, but the energy the cells produced was poor and the materials they were made out of were highly coloured. Inflation (Wikipedia) In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. The inflationary epoch lasted from 10−36 seconds after the Big Bang to sometime between 10−33 and 10−32 seconds. Following the inflationary period, the Universe continues to expand, but at a less rapid rate.[1] Inflation was developed in the early 1980s. It explains the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos.
How Dark Matter Works" In the 1978 follow-up album to "Born to Run," Bruce Springsteen uses darkness on the edge of town as a metaphor for the desolate unknown we all face as we grow up and try to understand the world. Cosmologists working to decipher the origin and fate of the universe must identify completely with The Boss' sense of tragic yearning. These stargazing scientists have been facing their own darkness on the edge of town (or on the edge of galaxies) for a long time as they try to explain one of astronomy's greatest mysteries. It's known as dark matter, which is itself a placeholder – like the x or y used in algebra class – for something unknown and heretofore unseen. One day, it will enjoy a new name, but today we're stuck with the temporary label and its connotations of shadowy uncertainty.
Dark Matter There are many reasons to believe that the universe is full of "dark matter", matter that influences the evolution of the universe gravitationally, but is not seen directly in our present observations. FIGURE: Superposed on an optical picture of a group of galaxies is an X-ray image taken by ROSAT. The image shows hot gas (which produces X-rays) highlighted in false red color (Ref). The presence of this confined gas indicates that the gravity in groups and clusters of galaxies is larger than that expected from the matter that we can observe in those galaxies. The adjacent image exhibits one recent piece of evidence for undetected matter: the hot gas seen in the X-ray spectrum would have dispersed if it were held in place only the by gravity of the mass that is producing light in this image (the so-called "luminous mass").
Milky Way Arm Wrestles With Dark Matter Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter Computer model of the Milky Way and its smaller neighbor, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. What’s New in 3D Printing? 3D Printing is Coming to Our Lives! 3D printing is not a novelty, it is more than 20 years old. However, the first monograph on it has only just appeared [1]. I learned about it only recently, when this manufacturing technique made its way into chemistry [2,3]. Today, rapidly developing 3D printing offers numerous marketed applications. It will bring much more in the future and its potential huge impact on society is hard to grasp.
Black Hole (Wikipedia) A black hole is defined as a region of spacetime from which gravity prevents anything, including light, from escaping.[1] The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole.[2] Around a black hole, there is a mathematically defined surface called an event horizon that marks the point of no return. The hole is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics.[3][4] Quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit radiation like a black body with a finite temperature. This temperature is inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, making it difficult to observe this radiation for black holes of stellar mass or greater.
Dark Matter 2 Dark Universe / Transient Universe | Outer Solar System | Near Earth Objects | Milky Way | LSST Tour Dark Matter | Dark Energy | 3D mass Illustration of strong gravitaional lensing. Click for full-size image. Strong gravitational lensing happens when there is so much mass contrast in the lens that the light rays from a distant source bend around both sides of the lens and cross near Earth. Then multiple images of the source may be seen.